LICENCIAMENTO AMBIENTAL E DIVERSOS
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://bdc.icmbio.gov.br/handle/cecav/6
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Item Geoparks: Pathways to Internalize Sustainable Development in the State of Bahia, Brazil(2022-04-09) Pereira, Ricardo Galeno Fraga de AraújoThe State of Bahia is located in the northeast region of Brazil. It has a population of almost 15 million people, 25% of which live in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador — RMS, the capital city, which accounts for over 40% of the state’s gross domestic product — GDP. Bahia has seven geopark proposals made by the Geological Survey of Brazil — CPRM, and it is the Brazilian state with the largest number of geoparks proposals in the country. All these geoparks proposals listed by CPRM for Bahia are in the countryside, more than 200 km away from the RMS, and are mostly related to geomorphological aspects. Four of these proposals are located in Chapada Diamantina, an ancient diamond mining region that is marked by mountain ranges and plateaus, sculpted in low metamorphosed Proterozoic sedimentary rocks, with caves, waterfalls, and relevant mining heritage. Considering the geoparks’ proposals for the state, Serra do Sincorá, São Desidério, Morro do Chapéu, and Alto Rio de Contas already count with geological heritage inventories, but the latter proposal lacks officially constituted organizations focused on its implementation. The CPRM’s geopark proposals for Bahia will be assessed here, envisioning that geoparks can be a pathway for sustainable countryside development in the state, helping in the distribution of its GDP, spreading scientific knowledge, reinforcing local identities, promoting the United Nations — UN Sustainable Development Goals — SDG, and fostering healthy lifestyles.Item Controversies and hidden risks in biodiversity offsets in critically threatened Canga (ironstone) ecosystems in Brazil(2022-11-09) CARMO, FLAVIO FONSECA; KAMINO, LUCIANA HIROMI YOSHINOCanga, or ironstone, ecosystems are hotspots of old-growth plant diversity and highly specialized cave inver tebrates. These ancient metalliferous habitats are amongst the most threatened ecosystems because of the destruction caused by large-scale iron ore mining. International debate on biodiversity offsets is increasing because these mechan isms are seen as tools for potentially balancing economic de velopment with conservation biodiversity. Leading mining companies worldwide, including some of the largest iron ore producers in Brazil, are signatories to offset principles and best practices that aim to achieve no net loss of habi tats, species or ecosystem functions. We aimed to analyse whether Brazilian legal requirements for biodiversity offsets result in the achievement of conservation outcomes or in elevated threat of extinction in canga ecosystems. We eval uated technical reports that support decision-making re lated to environmental licensing for iron ore mining and specific offset proposals linked to the Atlantic Forest Act. We found a relevant net loss in canga ecosystems and ob served shortcomings related to the equivalency and trans parency of offset principles. These deficiencies are mainly related to lax norms and regulations and the absence of an integrated database for accessing information on environ mental licensing processes. We argue that both policy flaws and low engagement by the Brazilian mining industry in implementing offset principles have increased the threat of extinction in canga ecosystems.