CECAV
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://bdc.icmbio.gov.br/handle/cecav/1
Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cavernas
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12 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item xploring uncharted waters: insights into groundwater zooplankton of the Brazilian semiarid region.(2024-07-11) Carolina Teixeira Puppin-Gonçalves; Diego Medeiros Bento; Gilmar Perbiche-Neves; Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira; Marconi Souza-Silva; Vanessa Becker; Juliana Déo DiasThe subterranean environments of the Caatinga drylands (Brazilian biome) host a diverse array of aquatic systems and diversity, comprising both lentic and lotic ecosystems. Species diversity in these environmnts has been overlooked and remains poorly understood, especially regarding zooplankton. We studied the species richness and composition of zooplankton living in groundwater of the Caatinga drylands and explored how they vary in relation to habitat type (lentic and lotic) by testing two hypotheses: (1) species richness, gamma diversity, and zooplankton density are higher in lentic environments and (2) zooplankton species composition differs between habitat types. We sampled 12 lentic and lotic groundwater environments quarterly for 2 years, and identified 100 species of zooplankton in groundwater environments, including testate amoebae (50 species), Rotifera (25 species), Copepoda (16 species), and Cladocera (9 species). Rotifer species richness and copepod density differed between lentic and lotic habitats, as did zooplankton composition. Additionally, each habitat was found to harbor distinct indicator species based on their ecology and morphological characteristics. These findings contribute to current understanding of groundwater biodiversity and ecology, providing support for freshwater and speleological management and conservation programs.Item Preliminary inventory and conservation conditions of speleotems from Gruta da Serra das Cobras, Santa Quitéria, Ceará, Brazil(2024) Paiva, Antonio Victor Rodrigues Sousa de; Carvalho, Bruna Lima; Xinenes, Celso Lira; Fernandes, Nayane Barros Sousa; Sobrinho, José FalcãoNatural underground cavities are environments composed of unique characteristics that house a great complexity of geological formations and lush scenery. The underground environment is considered a true treasure for science and humanity. The main objectiveof this research is to identify and classify the different types of speleothems found in Gruta das Cobras located in the municipality of Santa Quitéria/CE, also highlighting the risks that these structures face in terms of conservation. The materials and methods consisted of bibliographical research, fieldwork, photographic records and analysis and interpretation of information obtained at all stages. In general, the most common speleothem formation present in the study area is of the stalactite and stalagmite type. Speleothems of the column type, Bridal cake and Boxwork type were recorded inside the cave, complex formations that take millions of years to form and which are currently being impacted by the tourism sector, with no regulation or inspection. Impacts on structures, graffiti and breakage of speleothems were identified. In this way, it is concluded that further studies on the site are essential, as well as a preservation intervention by the competent public bodies.Item The role of turnover in structuring subterranean aquatic communities in Southeastern Brazil(2024) Zepon, Tamires; Bichuette, Maria ElinaSimilarly to other animal communities, the diversity of subterranean aquatic fauna is influenced by several factors and processes, such as habitat fragmentation, dispersion, environmental heterogeneity, and physical and chemical water characteristics. Here, we studied cave aquatic communities of the Alto Ribeira hydrographic basin, regarding troglobitic and non-troglobitic species, located in a single karst area to evaluate the influence of sub-basins in fauna differentiation. We investigated how abiotic variables (flow, electrical conductivity, temperature, pH, and substrate) influence the fauna composition and the contribution of beta diversity components (nestedness and turnover) in explaining communities’ dissimilarities. Fauna composition differed between sub-basins, as most species did not co-occur in different caves. Caves with higher flow and substrate diversity were the richest. In addition, each cave community was influenced by a unique set of abiotic variables. Dissimilarity among caves was mainly explained by turnover, and our findings suggest the restricted species distribution could be due to ecological (e.g., limited dispersion capacity, tolerance to abiotic variables), hydrogeological (e.g., dispersion barriers, isolation of sub-basins), and historical (e.g.,colonization, paleoclimatic events) factors and processes. Therefore, different elements are responsible for determining the composition of cave aquatic communities in different sub-basins, reflecting the variability within a single karst area.Item Fungos cavernícolas produtores de enzimas(2024) Rocha, Diogo Teles de Carvalho; Souza-Motta, Cristina Maria de; Lima, Joenny Maria da Silveira de; Felipe, Maria Tamara de Caldas; Alves, Vitória Cristina SantiagoOs fungos de cavernas são organismos que habitam os ambientes subterrâneos mais profundos e remotos do nosso planeta. Adaptados a condições desafiadoras de escuridão parcial ou total, baixa disponibilidade de nutrientes e variações extremas de temperatura e umidade, esses fungos desempenham um papel crucial na decomposição de matéria orgânica e na reciclagem de nutrientes em ecossistemas subterrâneos. Esses fungos desenvolveram uma notável capacidade de produzir uma variedade de enzimas extracelulares que lhes permitem quebrar moléculas complexas presentes em seu ambiente e transformá-las em nutrientes absorvíveis. Enzimas como celulases, ligninases e amilases são produzidas por esses fungos para degradar substâncias orgânicas recalcitrantes, como celulose, lignina e amido, respectivamente. Essa habilidade enzimática é crucial para a sobrevivência desses fungos, uma vez que os nutrientes essenciais são escassos em ambientes subterrâneos. Além de sua importância ecológica, os fungos têm chamado a atenção da comunidade científica e da indústria biotecnológica. As enzimas produzidas por esses fungos possuem propriedades únicas e adaptativas, o que as torna potencialmente valiosas para diversas aplicações industriais. Por exemplo, as celulases produzidas por esses fungos têm o potencial de serem utilizadas na produção de biocombustíveis a partir de resíduos vegetais, enquanto as ligninases podem ser empregadas no tratamento de efluentes industriais e na degradação de poluentes ambientais. A pesquisa contínua sobre os fungos de cavernas não apenas aprofunda nosso entendimento sobre a biodiversidade em cavernas, mas também pode levar a descobertas na área biotecnológica. Esses microrganismos representam um fascinante campo de estudo, que nos leva a explorar não apenas as maravilhas ocultas do mundo subterrâneo, mas também as potenciais aplicações benéficas que a natureza pode nos oferecer.Item Aspectos ecológicos das relações parasita-hospedeiro em morcegos na Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil(2024-01) Souza, Carolina Barbosa de; Paiva, Fernando; Fischer, ErichA diversidade de hábitos alimentares e de vida dos morcegos favorece a ocorrência de uma grande riqueza parasitária, esses atributos funcionais os expõem a diferentes grupos parasitários e propicia aos parasitas a exploração de diferentes nichos ecológicos. Com isso, os morcegos constituem um grupo de hospedeiros com potencial para serem estudados afim de compreender as dinâmicas parasitológicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a composição e a estrutura das infracomunidades de endoparasitos em morcegos cavernícolas, com diferentes hábitos alimentares, capturados na Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul. Para investigação parasitológica uma amostra de 68 morcegos, distribuídos em doze espécies, pertencentes a três famílias: Anoura caudifer, Glossophaga soricina (nectarívoras; Phyllostomidae), Carollia perspicillata, Sturnira lilium cf., Micronycteris microtis cf., Micronycteris sanborni cf., Platyrrhinus lineatus (Phyllostomidae), Phyllostomus hastatus (Phyllostomidae), Chrotopterus auritus (Phyllostomidae), Desmodus rotundus (Phyllostomidae), Peropteryx macrotis (Emballonuridae), e Natalus macrourus (Natalidae). Foram encontrados representantes com hábitos alimentares insetívoros, carnívoros, hematófagos, frugívoros, nectárivoros e onívoros. Ao total, 207 espécimes helmintos foram identificados; Rictularia sp., Capillaria sp. Seuratum sp. cf., Physaloptera sp., Litomosoides sp. Nematoda, Vampirolepis sp., Diphyllobothriidaegen. sp., Urotrema scabridum, Prosthodendrium conturbatum e Anenterotrema mesolecitha, além do hematozóario Trypanosoma sp. As prevalências dos organismos parasitas variou DE 25% a 100% entre as espécies hospedeiras, a abundância dos helmintos revelou predominância de espécies de Trematodas (70%). Pela análise de rede bipartida, a modularidade revelou cinco módulos, indicando que há associações especializadas. A modularidade, uma característica de interações especialistas, foi influenciada pela dieta do hospedeiro, corroborando com estudos anteriores. A especificidade helmíntica relacionou-se com a dieta dos morcegos, evidenciando a influência da alimentação na dinâmica parasitária. Por exemplo, Chrotopterus auritus, com hábito carnívoro, apresentou maior diversidade de conexões com diferentes grupos parasitários. Por outro lado, Desmodus rotundus, com hábito hematófago, apresentou apenas parasitismo por Trypanosoma sp. Este estudo pioneiro na região contribui para compreender os padrões de transmissão de helmintos e tripanossomatídeos ressaltando a importância dos hábitos alimentares na dinâmica parasitária. Essas informações enriquecem o conhecimento sobre parasitas de morcegos na Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, e serão fundamentais para estudos futuros.Item Caves, Karst Features and Speleological Heritage in Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil(2023-12-09) Parra, Raphael; Pereira, Ricardo Galeno Fraga de Araujo; Purificação, Carlos Gleidson Campos daChapada Diamantina is among the best known and most visited landscapes in Brazil. Located in the state of Bahia, Northeast region of the country, it is characterized by mountains and plateaus that developed on Proterozoic sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks. Much of its territory is covered by carbonate and siliciclastic rocks, where relevant karst systems develop, marked by the occurrence of sinking streams, sinkholes, and caves with a great diversity of morphologies, speleothems, subterranean fauna, and paleontological and archaeological records. Relevant carbonate systems occur in Iraquara, such as the Lapa Doce, Torrinha, and Pratinha caves, which represent important tourist attractions. Also in these rocks, stand out the Brejões Cave, with a 106-m high entrance, and the Toca da Boa Vista, the largest cave in South America, extending across 114 km. Cultural manifestations are present in the prehistoric cave paintings at Santa Marta Shelter and recent religious pilgrimages at Mangabeiras Cave, in Ituaçu. In turn, siliciclastic karst systems are mainly in Serra do Sincorá. The Lapão and Castelo caves have expressive speleogens and speleothems, as well as the Torras Cave, in the Igatu region, ranked as the second largest in Brazil considering siliciclastic rocks.Item The paleoichnofauna in bones of Brazilian Quaternary cave deposits and the proposition of two new ichnotaxa(2023-10-22) Trifilio, Lucas Henrique Medeiros da Silva; Araújo Júnior, Hermínio Ismael de; Porpino, Kleberson de OliveiraThe Quaternary vertebrate paleontology of the Brazilian Intertropical Region is well-known, but there are only a few publications on bone ichnology. In this paper, we analyzed trace fossils in 23 bones of the Gruna das Três Cobras, Complexo Suíço, and F3 caves, which are located in Bahia and Rio Grande do Norte states, in the Brazilian Intertropical Region. We discovered gnaw marks assigned to Machichnus and bite marks attributed to Nihilichnus, as well as insect modifications referring to single (Cuniculichnus, Gunnellichnus, Karethraichnus, and Osteocallis) and multiple behaviors (Munitusichnus, and Taotieichnus). Additionally, we proposed the new ichnospecies Nihilichnus sulcatus n. isp. (bite mark) and Cuniculichnus cascudoi n. isp. (insect feeding mark). Regarding the predation/scavenger marks, Protocyon troglodytes was the probable primary modification agent, but some traces may also be attributed to Smilodon populator and Caiman latirostris. Cuniculichnus, Karethraichnus, Munitusichnus, and Osteocallis are attributed to dermestids, whereas termites probably produced Gunnelichnus and Taotieichnus.Item POSSIBILIDADES DO ENSINO INTERDISCIPLINAR EM EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTALNO AMBIENTE DE CAVERNA(2023) Vieira, Júlio César da Silva Moura; Santana, Cristiana de Cerqueira SilvaA Educação Ambientaltem caráter transversalno ensino básico, mas há dificuldades para trabalhá-la sob o viés da interdisciplinaridade. Uma das dificuldades se refere à definição de um tema que permita um trabalho que envolvadiversas disciplinas, sendo que o tema sobre cavernas pode permitir isso. Nesse contextoo artigo tem comoo objetivo foi discutir as possibilidades de ensino interdisciplinar em Educação Ambientala partir do tema cavernas, tendo utilizado como metodologia uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Constatamos que a temática sobre cavernas devido a abrangência disciplinar enquanto tema de estudo, pode possibilitar o desenvolvimento de inúmeras práticas educativas interdisciplinares ambientais no ensino básico.Item Contribution to the knowledge of Brazilian troglobitic Pseudoscorpiones (Arachnida): description of Pseudochthonius lubueno sp. nov. (Chthoniidae) from Serra do Ramalho karst area, state of Bahia, Brazil(2023-09-18) Assis, Leonardo de; Schimonsky, Diego Monteiro von; Gallão, Jonas Eduardo; Bichuette, Maria ElinaPseudochthonius lubueno sp. nov., a new obligatory cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion species is described from Gruna da Altina cave, the fifth species of the genus in the region of Serra do Ramalho karst area, southwestern Bahia, Brazil. This genus occurs in South and Central America, sub-Saharan central Africa, and in the Arabian Peninsula. The new species can be identified by the following combination of characters: eyes or eyespots absent, coxa I with two and coxa II with 4–5 coxal spines, without microdenticles on the fixed pedipalpal finger, rallum with five blades, ratio ist–est/ist–esb = 1.9. With this new description, the genus now includes 15 species from Brazil: P. biseriatus Mahnert, 2001, P. brasiliensis Beier, 1970, P. diamachi Prado & Ferreira, 2023, P. gracilimanus Mahnert, 2001, P. heterodentatus Hoff, 1946, P. homodentatus Chamberlin, 1929, P. koinopoliteia Prado & Ferreira, 2023, P. lubueno sp. nov., P. orthodactylus Muchmore, 1970, P. olegario Schimons ky, 2022, P. pali Prado & Ferreira, 2023, P. ramalho Assis, Schimonsky & Bichuette, 2021, P. ricardoi Mahnert, 2001, P. strinatii Beier, 1969 and P. tuxeni Mahnert, 1979. The new species shows troglomorphic characteristics such as the depigmentation of the carapace and the absence of eyes. In addition, illustrations, diagnoses, an identification key for cave-dwelling species of the genus, and distribution maps for all Brazilian species of Pseudochthonius are provided.Item Correlations of rock mass classifications applied to ferruginous caves(2020-06) Oliveira, Paula Leal; Lima, Hernani Mota deFor the Brazilian iron ore mines, the presence of caves presents a challenge, since most of them are located within the ore deposit. The National Environment Commis- sion (CONAMA 347 Resolution/2004) establishes that the speleological heritage, as well as its area of influence, cannot sustain irreversible environmental impacts. The physical integrity of caves adjacent to mining operations is an issue of pivotal impor- tance to be scrutinised in studies towards the delimitation of the cave’s protection ra- dius. This article presents the study of various models of correlation between the RMR and Q systems used for the stability assessment of natural iron ore caves. In order to study a correlation between the RMR and Q systems, the most popular rock mass clas- sifications, and their application as a validation tool, a selection of measurements of Q and RMR, organized in a database from seven natural caves of ferruginous lithology, are submitted to a study and statistical analysis. An empirical equation was obtained from the data, using a simple linear regression. The result of the regression was com- pared with selected correlation equations and the best fit for the data was chosen. The best fit was the Rutledge & Pearson correlation equation, which presented the best combination of R² and S, after the equation created on basis of the real values for RMR, though the other equations have results similar to it. As the results were quite similar, the recommendation still is that correlations should be used with caution, and associ- ated to other methods and field analysis.