BIOLOGIA SUBTERRÂNEA
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://bdc.icmbio.gov.br/handle/cecav/3
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Item How many species of Mollusca are there in Brazil? A collective taxonomic effort to reveal this still unknown diversity(2023-12-11) Machado, Fabrizio M.; Miranda, Marcel S.; Salvador, Rodrigo B.; Pimenta, Alexandre D.; Côrtes, Mariana O.; Gomes, Jaime A.J.; Miyahira, Igor C.; Agudo-Padrón, Ignacio; Oliveira, Cléo D.C.; Caetano, Carlos H.S.; Coelho, Paulo R.S.; D’Ávila, Sthefane; Arruda, Eliane P. de; Almeida, Sérgio M. de; Gomes, Suzete R.; Alvim, Juliana; Galvão-Filho, Hilton; Ferreira-Júnior, Augusto L.; Marques, Rodrigo C.; Martins, Inês; de Souza, Leonardo S.; Arruda, Janine O.; Cavallari, Daniel C.; Santos, Sonia B. dos; Pedro, Natan C.; Salles, Anna C. de A.; Dornellas, Ana P.S.; Lima, Tarcilla C. de; Amaral, Vanessa S. do; Silva, Fernanda S.; Passos, Flávio D.; Thiengo, Silvana S.; Leite, Tatiana S.; Simone, Luiz R.L.The expression ‘you need to know to conserve’ is a well-known cliche among biologists. Documenting the richness of a group of organisms is the first step towards understanding biodiversity and preparing efficient conservation plans. In this context, many efforts have been made to quantify the number of species on Earth and estimate the number of species still unknown to science. A few countries have complete and integrated databases estimating the approximate number of species recorded for their territory, particularly in the Global South. In Brazil, a country of continental dimensions, revealing the richness of the second most diverse clade of invertebrates (=Mollusca) has been a goal of taxonomists. Recently, in an unprecedented, collective, and integrated effort among Brazilian malacologists, it was possible to estimate how many valid species of molluscs are there in Brazil. In this effort, more than 30 mollusc experts joined together to update the Taxonomic Catalogue of the Brazilian Fauna (TCBF), a governmental website that allows a quick and real-time updating of all Metazoan. So far, more than 5,000 updates have been made in TCBF, indicating the presence of 3,552 valid species of molluscs in Brazil, distributed among the main clades as follows: Caudofoveata (10 spp.), Solenogastres (6 spp.), Polyplacophora (35 spp.), Scaphopoda (43 spp.), Cephalopoda (92 spp.), Bivalvia (629 spp.) and Gastropoda (2,737 spp.). The present study, in addition to demonstrating for the first time the richness of Brazilian molluscs, also presents the state of the art of this important phylum of invertebrates highlighting its most representative and neglected groups.Item Three new species of the genus Speocera (Araneae: Ochyroceratidae) from caves of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil(2023-10-20) Brescovit, Antonio ; Zampaulo, Robson de Almeida ; Pedroso, Leandro; Cizauskas, IgorThree new species of the spider genus Speocera Berland, 1914 are described from caves of different lithologies, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: Speocera canjica n. sp., S. pamonha n. sp. and S. vacaatolada n. sp., all based on males and females. Among the described species, S. vacaatolada n. sp., presents a palp morphology similar to that of Speocera pallida, where a reduction of bulb structures occurs.Item A new genus and two new species of the millipede family Chelodesmidae from Bahia state, northeastern Brazil, including a likely troglobiont (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)(2022-06-20) GOLOVATCH, SERGEI I.; BOUZAN, RODRIGO S.; GALLO, JÉSSICA S.; BICHUETTE, MARIA E.A new genus and two new species of Chelodesmidae are described from two caves of the João Rodrigues river system in Bahia state, northeastern Brazil: Strongylosomides troglobius sp. nov. and Rotundotergum elevatum gen. nov., sp. nov. The former species differs from congeners primarily by the gonopods showing the prefemoral process strongly fused caudally along its basal half to the acropodite and, in showing such troglomorphic traits as a nearly unpigmented and fragile body with thin tegument, it seems the first troglobiont to be documented in the genus. Moreover, this new species seems to be so remarkably similar to Leptodesmus stercoriarius Schubart, 1956, from Minas Gerais state, that the following new combination is warranted: Strongylosomides stercoriarius (Schubart, 1956), comb. nov. ex Leptodesmus de Saussure, 1859. The new genus, Rotundotergum gen. nov., seems to be especially similar to Eucampesmella Schubart, 1955, but differs clearly by the absence of a secondary process on the gonopodal prefemoral process, coupled with the latter being unusually long and strongly separated from the acropodite. The type species R. elevatum sp. nov., being partly clearly pigmented, seems to be only troglophilic. The region generally supports a typical dry tropical climate, whereas the caves represent sites with high humidity, this being essential for the survival of these and other species. However, these habitats remain unprotected by Brazilian law, while the João Rodrigues River system is threatened by irrigation projects, potential limestone exploitation, asphalt and road widening or construction that pass across the system and can collapse the rock, and pollution of the subterranean drainage. We hope that the new species described here could help us protect their type localities and the João Rodrigues River system as a whole.Item A new species of the troglobitic genus Spelaeogammarus da Silva Brum, 1975 (Amphipoda: Artesiidae) from a cave in the Brazilian semi-arid region, with new records of its congener, Spelaeogammarus spinilacertus Koenemann and Holsinger, 2000(2022-06-17) Bueno, Alessandra Angélica de Pádua; Bichuette, Maria Elina; Zepon, Tamires; Penoni, Ludmila RochaWe propose a new species of the troglobitic genus Spelaeogammarus da Silva Brum, 1975, with data on its distribution, ecology, aspects of behavior, and conservation status. Spelaeogammarusginae sp. nov. occurs in a single cave in the Serra do Ramalho karst area, of the northeastern Brazilian semi-arid region. We also provide new data on the distribution and conservation status of its congener, Spelaeogammarus spinilacertus Koenemann and Holsinger, 2000 that occurs in the upper phreatic aquifer inside caves from Chapada Diamantina domain. Both species occur in caves in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil.Item Contribution to the knowledge of Brazilian troglobitic Pseudoscorpiones (Arachnida): description of Pseudochthonius lubueno sp. nov. (Chthoniidae) from Serra do Ramalho karst area, state of Bahia, Brazil(2023-09-18) Assis, Leonardo de; Schimonsky, Diego Monteiro von; Gallão, Jonas Eduardo; Bichuette, Maria ElinaPseudochthonius lubueno sp. nov., a new obligatory cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion species is described from Gruna da Altina cave, the fifth species of the genus in the region of Serra do Ramalho karst area, southwestern Bahia, Brazil. This genus occurs in South and Central America, sub-Saharan central Africa, and in the Arabian Peninsula. The new species can be identified by the following combination of characters: eyes or eyespots absent, coxa I with two and coxa II with 4–5 coxal spines, without microdenticles on the fixed pedipalpal finger, rallum with five blades, ratio ist–est/ist–esb = 1.9. With this new description, the genus now includes 15 species from Brazil: P. biseriatus Mahnert, 2001, P. brasiliensis Beier, 1970, P. diamachi Prado & Ferreira, 2023, P. gracilimanus Mahnert, 2001, P. heterodentatus Hoff, 1946, P. homodentatus Chamberlin, 1929, P. koinopoliteia Prado & Ferreira, 2023, P. lubueno sp. nov., P. orthodactylus Muchmore, 1970, P. olegario Schimons ky, 2022, P. pali Prado & Ferreira, 2023, P. ramalho Assis, Schimonsky & Bichuette, 2021, P. ricardoi Mahnert, 2001, P. strinatii Beier, 1969 and P. tuxeni Mahnert, 1979. The new species shows troglomorphic characteristics such as the depigmentation of the carapace and the absence of eyes. In addition, illustrations, diagnoses, an identification key for cave-dwelling species of the genus, and distribution maps for all Brazilian species of Pseudochthonius are provided.Item Micobiota do sedimento da Caverna Catedral, Felipe Guera/RN, Brasil(2023-04-24) Lira, Rafaela Alves de ; Souza-Motta, Cristina Maria de; Lima, Joenny Maria da Silveira de; Melo, Roger Fagner Ribeiro ; Barbier, Eder SilvaOs fungos são organismos que conseguem habitar diversos ambientes, com diferentes níveis de temperatura, umidade, pH e nutrientes. Eles possuem importante papel ecológico na estruturação dos ecossistemas cavernícolas, pois participam da decomposição de matéria orgânica presente nesses ambientes. As cavernas são cavidades naturais com fatores abióticos relativamente estáveis, abrigam uma rica diversidade de microrganismos, e a maioria não possui incidência de luz, tornando esses ambientes oligotróficos extremos. Este estudo buscou avaliar a micobiota presente no sedimento da caverna Catedral, localizada no Sítio do Rosário, município de Felipe Guerra/RN. Foram coletadas amostras do sedimento em quatro pontos da caverna, cada amostra foi acondicionada em recipientes esterilizados para processamento em laboratório. As amostras foram coletadas em triplicata. Para o isolamento, 1 g de sedimento foi suspenso em 9 mL de água para realização das diluições seriadas e o plaqueamento direto, posteriormente as placas foram incubadas a 25 °C, por até 14 dias, no escuro. Para identificação dos fungos, foram realizadas análises morfológicas e filogenéticas utilizando sequências do rDNA com primers específicos. Ao todo foram obtidos 62 isolados de fungos. Todas as espécies identificadas pertencem ao filo Ascomycota, sendo Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Humicola e Penicillium, os gêneros mais frequentes. Alguns gêneros fitopatogênicos de grande importância econômica como Acremonium, Didymella e Phaeosphaeria foram isolados, assim como espécies potencialmente patogênicas ao ser humano (p. ex.: Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus sydowii, Aspergillus welwitschiae, Microascus trigonosporus) e outras referenciadas como tendo grande potencial biotecnológico. Com base nos resultados obtidos,destacamos a importância de pesquisas com prospecção em ambientes cavernícolas, melhorando assim, a compreensão acerca de sua micobiota. O presente estudo proporcionou o conhecimento da abundância e riqueza de fungos presentes no sedimento da caverna Catedral, contribuindo para futuros estudos associados à biodiversidade fúngica e com a elaboração de planos de manejo de cavernas do domínio Caatinga.Item Description of a new species of the genus Lutzomyia França, 1924 (Diptera: Phlebotominae) and of the male of Lutzomyia fonsecai (Costa Lima, 1932)(2023-05-03) Chaves Júnior, Salvador ; Lima, Guilherme ; Mendonça, Rafael ; Andrade, AndreyLutzomyia itambe sp. n. is described as a new species of neotropical cavernicolous phlebotomine sand fly based on specimens of males and females collected in the Gruta do Itambé, Altinópolis municipality, São Paulo State. In addition to this, we describe the male of Lutzomyia fonsecai (Costa Lima, 1932) collected near their type-locality in Bolivia. These descriptions are supported by illustrations that detail the morphological and morphometrical characteristics of the specimens. Lutzomyia itambe sp. n., L. fonsecai, along with L. dispar Martins & Silva, 1963, comprise the already named “Fonsecai complex”. Both sex present parallel labial sutures, not forked, and males can be differentiated by parameral characters, while in females the distinction is made by characters of the palpi and spermathecae.Item Two new cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion species (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) from Northeastern Brazil(2023-05-22) Bedoya-Roqueme, Edwin ; Tizo-Pedroso, Everton ; Barbier, Eder ; Lira, André Felipe de AraújoIn a study of pseudoscorpions in caves from the northeastern Brazil, eight species of Pseudoscorpiones were identified. The known distribution of the species Pseudochthonius biseriatus Mahnert, 2001, Cryptoditha aff. elegans, Parachernes (P.) nitidimanus (Ellingsen, 1905), Petterchernes brasiliensis Heurtault, 1986, Ceriochernes foliaceosetosus Beier, 1974, and Progarypus setifer Mahnert, 2001 is extended to include the State of Pernambuco. Additionally, Geogarypus gollumi sp. nov. (Geogarypidae) and Progarypus smaugi sp. nov. (Hesperolpiidae) are described as new species.Item A new troglophilic species of Erebonyx (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) from Brazilian caves(2022-12-16) Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant'ana ; Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio ; Bento, Diego de Medeiros ; Ferreira, Rodrigo LopesThe genus Erebonyx was proposed to accommodate a single troglobitic species from northeastern Brazil. A second cricket belonging to this genus is herein described, but although it was also found in caves, it does not bear any troglomorphic traits, suggesting it is a troglophilic species. The new species differs from the other species on the genus in the phallic sclerites, presence of developed eyes (with ommatidia), pigmented integument, and the presence of stridulatory file on the tegmina. In addition, we present the description of the external morphology, together with the staining and description of tegmina. Finally, we present a brief discussion regarding its habitat, distribution and possible conservation actions for the species.Item CINGULATA OF THE ABISMO PONTA DE FLECHA CAVE (PLEISTOCENE-HOLOCENE), RIBEIRA DE IGUAPE VALLEY, SOUTHEASTERN BRAZI(2022) CHAHUD, ARTUR; COSTA, PAULO RICARDO DE OLIVEIRA; OKUMURA, MERCEDESThe Ribeira de Iguape Valley, located in southeastern Brazil, is an important karstic region, presenting a large number of caves containing fossil and subfossil vertebrate materials. The Abismo Ponta de Flecha Cave is a complex vertical cave divided into galleries where a large amount of osteological material was collected. The cave acted as a natural trap for several taxa and possibly as a disposal site for ancient human communities. Osteoderms and appendicular bones assigned to two genera of Cingulata were identified in the faunal assemblage. The most abundant bone material belongs to the family Chlamyphoridae, genus Cabassous, represented by the living species C. tatouay and by remains of a larger, but little-known species, cf. C. antiquus. The other identified genus belongs to the family Dasypodidae: Dasypus sp. Evidence of human activity was characterized in only one C. tatouay bone, while the other specimens were considered as being of natural origin.