Navegando por Assunto "Caves"

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Dissertação
Aspectos ecológicos das relações parasita-hospedeiro em morcegos na Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
(2024-01) Souza, Carolina Barbosa de; Paiva, Fernando; Fischer, Erich
A diversidade de hábitos alimentares e de vida dos morcegos favorece a ocorrência de uma grande riqueza parasitária, esses atributos funcionais os expõem a diferentes grupos parasitários e propicia aos parasitas a exploração de diferentes nichos ecológicos. Com isso, os morcegos constituem um grupo de hospedeiros com potencial para serem estudados afim de compreender as dinâmicas parasitológicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a composição e a estrutura das infracomunidades de endoparasitos em morcegos cavernícolas, com diferentes hábitos alimentares, capturados na Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul. Para investigação parasitológica uma amostra de 68 morcegos, distribuídos em doze espécies, pertencentes a três famílias: Anoura caudifer, Glossophaga soricina (nectarívoras; Phyllostomidae), Carollia perspicillata, Sturnira lilium cf., Micronycteris microtis cf., Micronycteris sanborni cf., Platyrrhinus lineatus (Phyllostomidae), Phyllostomus hastatus (Phyllostomidae), Chrotopterus auritus (Phyllostomidae), Desmodus rotundus (Phyllostomidae), Peropteryx macrotis (Emballonuridae), e Natalus macrourus (Natalidae). Foram encontrados representantes com hábitos alimentares insetívoros, carnívoros, hematófagos, frugívoros, nectárivoros e onívoros. Ao total, 207 espécimes helmintos foram identificados; Rictularia sp., Capillaria sp. Seuratum sp. cf., Physaloptera sp., Litomosoides sp. Nematoda, Vampirolepis sp., Diphyllobothriidaegen. sp., Urotrema scabridum, Prosthodendrium conturbatum e Anenterotrema mesolecitha, além do hematozóario Trypanosoma sp. As prevalências dos organismos parasitas variou DE 25% a 100% entre as espécies hospedeiras, a abundância dos helmintos revelou predominância de espécies de Trematodas (70%). Pela análise de rede bipartida, a modularidade revelou cinco módulos, indicando que há associações especializadas. A modularidade, uma característica de interações especialistas, foi influenciada pela dieta do hospedeiro, corroborando com estudos anteriores. A especificidade helmíntica relacionou-se com a dieta dos morcegos, evidenciando a influência da alimentação na dinâmica parasitária. Por exemplo, Chrotopterus auritus, com hábito carnívoro, apresentou maior diversidade de conexões com diferentes grupos parasitários. Por outro lado, Desmodus rotundus, com hábito hematófago, apresentou apenas parasitismo por Trypanosoma sp. Este estudo pioneiro na região contribui para compreender os padrões de transmissão de helmintos e tripanossomatídeos ressaltando a importância dos hábitos alimentares na dinâmica parasitária. Essas informações enriquecem o conhecimento sobre parasitas de morcegos na Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, e serão fundamentais para estudos futuros.
Artigo
Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Ubajara National Park, Ceará, Brazil: a diversity assessment using complementary sampling methods
(2024-09-16) Pavan, A.C.; Urbieta, G.L; Ramalho, W.P; et al.
Bats are unique among mammals in their capacity for powered flight and present high species diversity and feeding habits in the Neotropical region. Despite the remarkable increase in knowledge on the distribution of neotropical bats in recent decades, information on the species’ occurrence throughout Brazil is still widely heterogeneous, with significant knowledge gaps in many biomes. The Ubajara National Park (PNU), northwestern Ceará, is an area of extreme biodiversity in the Caatinga biome, characterized by several natural caves associated with a noticeable bat community. Herein, we carried out a complementary inventory of bat diversity in the PNU, focusing on six caves and their surrounding foraging sites. Two surveys totaling 36 sampling nights were conducted using complementary methods such as mist nets, harp trap, roosting searches, and acoustic monitoring. Thirty species of bats belonging to eight families were recorded. We found significant complementarity between the sampling methods resulting in the stabilization of the rarefaction curve. Eight species were found in roosting colonies in at least one of the sampled cavities. A total of 965 individuals from 18 species, with the majority belonging to the family Phyllostomidae, were recorded using active sampling techniques. Passive acoustic monitoring yielded 14 different sonotypes of species from the Emballonuridae, Mormoopidae, Molossidae, Vespertilionidae, and Noctilionidae families. The acoustic activity of bats from distinct families was higher in the dry season and varied throughout the night. Two species registered with passive acoustic monitoring were among the captured ones, thus reinforcing the importance of diversifying methodologies to obtain more complete bat inventories.
Artigo
Before it’s too late: priority areas for conservation of cryptic and threatened species of troglobitic arthropods in the Brazilian semiarid
(2024-04-18) Bento, Diego de Medeiros; Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes; Vasconcelos, Santelmo; Lima, Jamily Lorena Ramos de; Oliveira, Guilherme; Silva, Tiago Castro; Lima, Sergio Maia Queiroz
One of the most important steps in identifying priority areas for conservation is the assessment of species richness and their extinction risks. While most species remain undescribed, the identification of cryptic lineages is frequent in phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies. This is particularly common in troglobites, exclusively subterranean organisms. The Jandaíra Formation, in the Brazilian semiarid, combines the occurrence of extensive karstic areas with hundreds of caves and subterranean aquifers in a region with intense paleoclimatic changes. This region is recognized for the richness of troglobitic species, some of which are widely distributed in heterogeneous areas. This suggests cryptic lineages that can be differentially exposed to anthropogenic threats, with distinct extinction risks regarding the nominal taxa of which they putatively belong. To test it, a large sampling was conducted and, by means of lineage delimitation analyses, the genetic structure of four troglobitic taxa, three aquatic and one terrestrial, was evaluated. In addition, the extinction risk of these lineages was assessed and priority areas for conservation were identified. The results indicated that while Cirolanidae sp. 1 (Isopoda) is a single species widely distributed, Cirolanidae sp. 2, Potiberaba porakuara (Amphipoda) and Kinnapotiguara troglobia (Hemiptera) present an extensive diversity of cryptic and endemic lineages, most of which are likely new threatened species. Furthermore, two priority areas for conservation of these lineages were identified. Thus, comparative phylogeography may represent a first step in the conservation of subterranean taxa, indicating areas that should be prioritized in a context of increasing threats and dwindling conservation resources.
Artigo
Caves, Karst Features and Speleological Heritage in Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil
(2023-12-09) Parra, Raphael; Pereira, Ricardo Galeno Fraga de Araujo; Purificação, Carlos Gleidson Campos da
Chapada Diamantina is among the best known and most visited landscapes in Brazil. Located in the state of Bahia, Northeast region of the country, it is characterized by mountains and plateaus that developed on Proterozoic sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks. Much of its territory is covered by carbonate and siliciclastic rocks, where relevant karst systems develop, marked by the occurrence of sinking streams, sinkholes, and caves with a great diversity of morphologies, speleothems, subterranean fauna, and paleontological and archaeological records. Relevant carbonate systems occur in Iraquara, such as the Lapa Doce, Torrinha, and Pratinha caves, which represent important tourist attractions. Also in these rocks, stand out the Brejões Cave, with a 106-m high entrance, and the Toca da Boa Vista, the largest cave in South America, extending across 114 km. Cultural manifestations are present in the prehistoric cave paintings at Santa Marta Shelter and recent religious pilgrimages at Mangabeiras Cave, in Ituaçu. In turn, siliciclastic karst systems are mainly in Serra do Sincorá. The Lapão and Castelo caves have expressive speleogens and speleothems, as well as the Torras Cave, in the Igatu region, ranked as the second largest in Brazil considering siliciclastic rocks.
Texto publicado em jornal
A cladistic analysis of the Brazilian troglobitic harvestmen genus Iandumoema Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997 (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae) with the description of three new species
(2019-07-03) de Ázara, Ludson; Hara, Marcos; Ferreira, Rodrigo; Gonzalo Giribet
Iandumoema was the third troglobitic (i.e., ecological-evolutionary concept denoting 16that the organism is restricted to the subterranean environment) genus of Brazilian harvestmen to be described. It is also the only troglobitic genus in Brazil with more than one species, comprising three described species, all from caves in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Traditionally, testing monophyly of troglobitic groups is difficult because many features shared by them might be result of convergence/parallelism due to the pressure of the cave environment. This issue, as well as comparative studies, is hindered because Iandumoema is also currently placed in the species rich and polyphyletic subfamily Pachylinae. In this work, we test the monophyly of this troglobitic genus and propose the first phylogenetic hypothesis for Iandumoema based on cladistic analysis using morphological data. The analysis included all described species of Iandumoema plus three new troglobitic species: I. cuca, sp. nov.(Itacarambi: Gruta da Água do João Ferreira), I. gollum, sp. nov. (Presidente Juscelino: Lapa D'Água) and I. stygia, sp. nov. (Montes Claros: Gruta do Cedro). The character matrix comprises 79 characters for 28 terminal taxa: six species of Iandumoema, 14 species of Pachylinae, six species from other Gonyleptidae subfamilies, one species of Cosmetidae and one species of Metasarcidae. The cladistic analysis using heuristic search retrieved one most parsimonious tree (339 steps, consistency index = 0.35, retention index = 0.56). Iandumoema is a monophyletic and well-supported genus, nested among Brazilian “Pachylinae”. The present work also provides an identification key and ecological 35remarks for all the six species of the genus Iandumoema.
Artigo
Cladistic analysis of the Brazilian troglobitic harvestmengenusIandumoemaPinto-da-Rocha (Opiliones:Gonyleptidae) with the description of three new species:a brief exercise over the use of troglomorphisms in cladisticanalysis
(2020-06-26) Ázara, Ludson Neves de; Hara, Marcos Ryotara; Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes
From an ecological and evolutionary standpoint, troglobitic organisms are of special interest because theyhave evolved in, and are restricted to, the subterranean environment.IandumoemaPinto-da-Rocha, 1997 stands out forbeing the only Brazilian harvestmen genus with more than one troglobitic species, with three species described fromcaves in Minas Gerais state. Traditionally, testing the monophyly of troglobitic groups is more challenging than testinggroups that do not include troglobites. Many of their shared features might be the result of convergence or parallelismimposed by the cave environment, such as the absence of light, limited and infrequent availability of food resources andlow population density, among others. In the case ofIandumoema, this becomes even more difficult because the genus iscurrently included in the species-rich and polyphyletic subfamily Pachylinae. This study tested the monophyly of thistroglobitic genus and proposed thefirst phylogenetic hypothesis forIandumoemabased on cladistic analysis usingmorphological data. The analysis included all described species ofIandumoemaand three new troglobitic species:I. cuca, sp. nov. (type locality: Itacarambi, Gruta da Água do João Ferreira);I. gollum, sp. nov. (type locality: PresidenteJuscelino, Lapa D’Água); andI. stygia, sp. nov. (type locality: Montes Claros, Gruta do Cedro). The matrix comprises79 characters and 28 terminal taxa: six species ofIandumoema; 14 of Pachylinae; six from other Gonyleptidaesubfamilies; one species of Cosmetidae; and one of Metasarcidae. The cladistic analysis resulted in one parsimonioustree (339 steps, consistency index = 0.35, retention index = 0.56).Iandumoemais a monophyletic and well supportedgenus, nestled among Brazilian‘Pachylinae’. Three new species are described and an identification key and ecologicalremarks for all six species of the genusIandumoemais provided.
Artigo
Contribution to the knowledge of Brazilian troglobitic Pseudoscorpiones (Arachnida): description of Pseudochthonius lubueno sp. nov. (Chthoniidae) from Serra do Ramalho karst area, state of Bahia, Brazil
(2023-09-18) Assis, Leonardo de; Schimonsky, Diego Monteiro von; Gallão, Jonas Eduardo; Bichuette, Maria Elina
Pseudochthonius lubueno sp. nov., a new obligatory cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion species is described from Gruna da Altina cave, the fifth species of the genus in the region of Serra do Ramalho karst area, southwestern Bahia, Brazil. This genus occurs in South and Central America, sub-Saharan central Africa, and in the Arabian Peninsula. The new species can be identified by the following combination of characters: eyes or eyespots absent, coxa I with two and coxa II with 4–5 coxal spines, without microdenticles on the fixed pedipalpal finger, rallum with five blades, ratio ist–est/ist–esb = 1.9. With this new description, the genus now includes 15 species from Brazil: P. biseriatus Mahnert, 2001, P. brasiliensis Beier, 1970, P. diamachi Prado & Ferreira, 2023, P. gracilimanus Mahnert, 2001, P. heterodentatus Hoff, 1946, P. homodentatus Chamberlin, 1929, P. koinopoliteia Prado & Ferreira, 2023, P. lubueno sp. nov., P. orthodactylus Muchmore, 1970, P. olegario Schimons ky, 2022, P. pali Prado & Ferreira, 2023, P. ramalho Assis, Schimonsky & Bichuette, 2021, P. ricardoi Mahnert, 2001, P. strinatii Beier, 1969 and P. tuxeni Mahnert, 1979. The new species shows troglomorphic characteristics such as the depigmentation of the carapace and the absence of eyes. In addition, illustrations, diagnoses, an identification key for cave-dwelling species of the genus, and distribution maps for all Brazilian species of Pseudochthonius are provided.
Artigo
Correlations of rock mass classiﬁcations applied to ferruginous caves
(2020-06) Oliveira, Paula Leal; Lima, Hernani Mota de
For the Brazilian iron ore mines, the presence of caves presents a challenge, since most of them are located within the ore deposit. The National Environment Commis- sion (CONAMA 347 Resolution/2004) establishes that the speleological heritage, as well as its area of inﬂuence, cannot sustain irreversible environmental impacts. The physical integrity of caves adjacent to mining operations is an issue of pivotal impor- tance to be scrutinised in studies towards the delimitation of the cave’s protection ra- dius. This article presents the study of various models of correlation between the RMR and Q systems used for the stability assessment of natural iron ore caves. In order to study a correlation between the RMR and Q systems, the most popular rock mass clas- siﬁcations, and their application as a validation tool, a selection of measurements of Q and RMR, organized in a database from seven natural caves of ferruginous lithology, are submitted to a study and statistical analysis. An empirical equation was obtained from the data, using a simple linear regression. The result of the regression was com- pared with selected correlation equations and the best ﬁt for the data was chosen. The best ﬁt was the Rutledge & Pearson correlation equation, which presented the best combination of R² and S, after the equation created on basis of the real values for RMR, though the other equations have results similar to it. As the results were quite similar, the recommendation still is that correlations should be used with caution, and associ- ated to other methods and ﬁeld analysis.
Artigo
Description and ecology of a new species of the cricket genus Endecous (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) in the speleological province of Arcos-Pains-Doresópolis, Southeastern Brazil
(2020-07-31) AntÔnio Castro-Souza, Rodrigo; Gabriel Pereira Junta, Vitor; Lopes Ferreira, Rodrigo
A new cricket species of the genus Endecous Saussure, 1878 is described in the present work found in the speleological province of Arcos-Pains-Doresópolis, which belongs to the limestone group Bambuí, Brazil. Moreover, the spatial distribution of the new species was related to the species Eidmanacris sp., which co-occurs with the former in several caves. Relationships between species abundance and horizontal projection, number of entrances and environmental stability of the caves where these species coexist were evaluated. The presence of bilateral symmetry in individuals of Endecous painensis n. sp. perhaps due to environmental stress caused by mining activities surrounding the cave was also tested. Endecous crickets are commonly observed in the caves, for which the preference by distinct microhabitats and generalist strategies may be key factors explaining colonization and segregation in relation to other cricket species in subterranean habitats. The generalist lifestyle of the here described species may attenuate the effects environmental stresses over development.
Artigo
Description of a new species of the genus Lutzomyia França, 1924 (Diptera: Phlebotominae) and of the male of Lutzomyia fonsecai (Costa Lima, 1932)
(2023-05-03) Chaves Júnior, Salvador ; Lima, Guilherme ; Mendonça, Rafael ; Andrade, Andrey
Lutzomyia itambe sp. n. is described as a new species of neotropical cavernicolous phlebotomine sand fly based on specimens of males and females collected in the Gruta do Itambé, Altinópolis municipality, São Paulo State. In addition to this, we describe the male of Lutzomyia fonsecai (Costa Lima, 1932) collected near their type-locality in Bolivia. These descriptions are supported by illustrations that detail the morphological and morphometrical characteristics of the specimens. Lutzomyia itambe sp. n., L. fonsecai, along with L. dispar Martins & Silva, 1963, comprise the already named “Fonsecai complex”. Both sex present parallel labial sutures, not forked, and males can be differentiated by parameral characters, while in females the distinction is made by characters of the palpi and spermathecae.
Artigo
ECOLOGIA DE PEIXES DE RIACHOS DE CAVERNAS E OUTROS HABITAT SUBTERRÂNEOS
(2021) Bichuette, Maria Elina
Brasil desponta como um país rico em cavidades naturais subterrâneas, com mais de 20.000 cavernas cadastradas oficialmente. Além das cavernas, as quais se desenvolvem em diferentes tipos de rocha, há outros habitat subterrâneos (hipógeos) com corpos d’água na forma de drenagens (riachos de nível de base), de afloramentos do freático (zona saturada) em cavernas inundadas ou na forma de poças e lagos dentro de cavidades, além de bolsões de aquíferos superiores formados por água de infiltração na rocha. Em alguns casos, as águas subterrâneas não afloram em cavidades, e sim em aluviões próximos a rios, representando uma zona hiporreica. A ictiofauna subterrânea brasileira é composta por peixes restritos às cavernas e outros habitat subterrâneos (geralmente categorizados como troglóbios/estigóbios) ou por espécies que possuem populações bem estabelecidas nestes habitat, mas que também ocorrem em riachos e corpos d’água da superfície (categorizados como troglófilos). Atualmente há mais de 80 espécies de peixes com populações troglóbias e troglófilas no Brasil. Alguns estudos populacionais para peixes troglóbios/freatóbios apresentam estimativas de tamanhos e densidades populacionais variáveis, geralmente caracterizadas por populações pequenas; uma tendência ao sedentarismo; baixos valores de fator de condição e estratégias de ciclos de vida tendendo ao K dentro do continuum r-K. Estas características são relacionadas às condições abióticas únicas destes habitat, tais como aporte de nutrientes baixo, infrequente e muitas vezes imprevisível, o que pode representar um filtro acentuado. Em relação à conservação, os peixes de riachos de cavernas e de outros habitat subterrâneos encontram-se ameaçados e a maioria das espécies descritas formalmente está inserida em listas de fauna ameaçada no Brasil, apenas quatro espécies foram incluídas e avaliadas globalmente (a piaba Stygichthys typhlops e os bagres Pimelodella kronei, Phreatobius cisternarum e Phreatobius sanguijuela).
Texto publicado em jornal
First record of a cavernicolous Kinnaridae from the Old World (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Fulgoromorpha, Kinnaridae, Adolendini) provides testimony of an ancient fauna
(2021) Hoch, Hannelore; Sendra, Alberto; Montagud, Sergio; Teruel, Santiago; Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes
A new obligately cavernicolous species in the planthopper family Kinnaridae is described from Spain. This is the first record of a cavernicolous kinnarid from the Old World, and the first record of a troglobitic fulgoromorphan hemipteran from mainland Spain, and also the 7th cavernicolous kinnarid species world-wide. Epigean Kinnaridae are not known from the present-day fauna of the Iberian Peninsula nor from Western Europe at large. The new species is regarded as a relict from an ancient fauna which is now ex-tinct. The new cavernicolous species could not be assigned to any of the existing genera, thus a new genus is established. Molecular data (COI barcode sequence) for the new species are presented. For the first time, a detailed description of the nymphal morphology of a kinnarid is provided. Information on its ecology, behaviour, distribution and conservation status is given, and biogeographic implications are discussed.
Monografia
Fungos cavernícolas produtores de enzimas
(2024) Rocha, Diogo Teles de Carvalho; Souza-Motta, Cristina Maria de; Lima, Joenny Maria da Silveira de; Felipe, Maria Tamara de Caldas; Alves, Vitória Cristina Santiago
Os fungos de cavernas são organismos que habitam os ambientes subterrâneos mais profundos e remotos do nosso planeta. Adaptados a condições desafiadoras de escuridão parcial ou total, baixa disponibilidade de nutrientes e variações extremas de temperatura e umidade, esses fungos desempenham um papel crucial na decomposição de matéria orgânica e na reciclagem de nutrientes em ecossistemas subterrâneos. Esses fungos desenvolveram uma notável capacidade de produzir uma variedade de enzimas extracelulares que lhes permitem quebrar moléculas complexas presentes em seu ambiente e transformá-las em nutrientes absorvíveis. Enzimas como celulases, ligninases e amilases são produzidas por esses fungos para degradar substâncias orgânicas recalcitrantes, como celulose, lignina e amido, respectivamente. Essa habilidade enzimática é crucial para a sobrevivência desses fungos, uma vez que os nutrientes essenciais são escassos em ambientes subterrâneos. Além de sua importância ecológica, os fungos têm chamado a atenção da comunidade científica e da indústria biotecnológica. As enzimas produzidas por esses fungos possuem propriedades únicas e adaptativas, o que as torna potencialmente valiosas para diversas aplicações industriais. Por exemplo, as celulases produzidas por esses fungos têm o potencial de serem utilizadas na produção de biocombustíveis a partir de resíduos vegetais, enquanto as ligninases podem ser empregadas no tratamento de efluentes industriais e na degradação de poluentes ambientais. A pesquisa contínua sobre os fungos de cavernas não apenas aprofunda nosso entendimento sobre a biodiversidade em cavernas, mas também pode levar a descobertas na área biotecnológica. Esses microrganismos representam um fascinante campo de estudo, que nos leva a explorar não apenas as maravilhas ocultas do mundo subterrâneo, mas também as potenciais aplicações benéficas que a natureza pode nos oferecer.
Artigo
Living in the dark: Bat caves as hotspots of fungal diversity
(2020-12-04) O. B. Cunha, Aline; D. P. Bezerra, Jadson; G. L. Oliveira, Thays; Barbier, Eder; Bernard, Enrico; R. Machado, Alexandre; M. Souza-Motta, Cristina; Sabrina Sarrocco
Bat caves are very special roosts that harbour thousands of bats of one or more species. Such sites may hold an incredible “dark fungal diversity” which is still underestimated. We explored the culturable fungal richness in the air, on bats, and in the guano in a bat cave in Brazil’s Caatinga dry forest. Fungal abundance was 683 colony-forming units (CFU) in the guano, 673 CFU in the air, and 105 CFU on the bats. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analysis of ITS, LSU, and TUB2 sequences, fungal isolates of 59 taxa belonging to 37 genera in the phyla Ascomycota (28 genera, including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Talaromyces), Basidiomycota (eight genera, including Rhodotorula and Schizophyllum), and Mucoromycota (only Rhizopus) were identified. The fungal richness in the air was 23 taxa (especially Aspergillus taxa), mainly found at 15 m and 45 m from the cave entrance; on the bodies of bats it was 36 taxa (mainly Aspergillus taxa), especially on their wing membranes (21 taxa, nine of which were exclusively found in this microhabitat); and in guano 10 fungal taxa (especially Aspergillus and Penicillium) were found. The fungal richness associated with guano (fresh and non-fresh) was similar from bats with different eating habits (insectivorous, frugivorous, and haematophagous). Sampling effort was not sufficient to reveal the total fungal taxa richness estimated. Eight (21.6%) of the 37 genera and 17 (53.1%) of the 32 identified fungal species are reported for the first time in caves. Our results highlight bat caves in Brazil as hotspots of fungal diversity, emphasizing the need to protect such special roosts.
Artigo
A new centipede Schendylops Cook from eastern Brazil: the firsttroglobitic geophilomorph for South America (Geophilomorpha, Schendylidae)
(2019) NUNES, GABRIELLE ABREU; CHAGAS-JR, AMAZONAS; BICHUETTE, MARIA ELINA
Schendylops janelaosp. n. is described from a limestone cave located in eastern Brazil. There are several reports of geophilomorphs in Brazilian caves, however, the new species represents the first troglobite species for South America and the first for Gruta do Janelão Cave, northern Minas Gerais State. Schendylops janelaosp. n. is described based on a male specimen and differs from its congeners by a combination of 10 characters. We discuss the character-states related to subterranean life and the conservation status of the species.
Artigo
New records, potential distribution, andconservation of the Near Threatened cave batNatalusmacrourusin Brazil
(2017-02-16) DELGADO-JARAMILLO, MARIANA; BARBIER, EDER; BERNARD, ENRICO
Species with specific roosting, foraging or breeding requirements are particularly vulnerable to habitat loss and degradation. For bats, the availability and environmental condition of caves can be a limiting factor. The cave specialist Natalus macrourus (formerly Natalus espiritosantensis) is categorized as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List but as Vulnerable in Brazil, based on a projected population reduction and a decline in its area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitat. There is a lack of knowledge about the species’ distribution, natural history and ecology, information that is required for conservation. Using new occurrence data and potential distribution modelling we evaluated the distribution of N. macrourus in Brazil, analysed pressures on and threats to the species, and assessed the species’ conservation needs. Natalus macrourus is positively associated with areas with higher probability of cave occurrence and negatively associated with areas of high variation in mean daily temperature and mean annual rainfall. Areas with high environmental suitability for N. macrourus correspond to only 3% of the potential distribution modelled. We estimate that the species has already lost 54% of its natural habitat and that there is < 35% of habitat remaining in areas with high environmental suitability. We calculated that approximately half of the caves in areas with high environmental suitability are < 5 km from mining operations and only 4% of the species’ potential distribution lies within protected areas. Given the strong association of N. macrourus with caves, it is important to protect these habitats, and we recommend that caves where the species is present should receive immediate protection.
Artigo
POSSIBILIDADES DO ENSINO INTERDISCIPLINAR EM EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTALNO AMBIENTE DE CAVERNA
(2023) Vieira, Júlio César da Silva Moura; Santana, Cristiana de Cerqueira Silva
A Educação Ambientaltem caráter transversalno ensino básico, mas há dificuldades para trabalhá-la sob o viés da interdisciplinaridade. Uma das dificuldades se refere à definição de um tema que permita um trabalho que envolvadiversas disciplinas, sendo que o tema sobre cavernas pode permitir isso. Nesse contextoo artigo tem comoo objetivo foi discutir as possibilidades de ensino interdisciplinar em Educação Ambientala partir do tema cavernas, tendo utilizado como metodologia uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Constatamos que a temática sobre cavernas devido a abrangência disciplinar enquanto tema de estudo, pode possibilitar o desenvolvimento de inúmeras práticas educativas interdisciplinares ambientais no ensino básico.
Artigo
Preliminary inventory and conservation conditions of speleotems from Gruta da Serra das Cobras, Santa Quitéria, Ceará, Brazil
(2024) Paiva, Antonio Victor Rodrigues Sousa de; Carvalho, Bruna Lima; Xinenes, Celso Lira; Fernandes, Nayane Barros Sousa; Sobrinho, José Falcão
Natural underground cavities are environments composed of unique characteristics that house a great complexity of geological formations and lush scenery. The underground environment is considered a true treasure for science and humanity. The main objectiveof this research is to identify and classify the different types of speleothems found in Gruta das Cobras located in the municipality of Santa Quitéria/CE, also highlighting the risks that these structures face in terms of conservation. The materials and methods consisted of bibliographical research, fieldwork, photographic records and analysis and interpretation of information obtained at all stages. In general, the most common speleothem formation present in the study area is of the stalactite and stalagmite type. Speleothems of the column type, Bridal cake and Boxwork type were recorded inside the cave, complex formations that take millions of years to form and which are currently being impacted by the tourism sector, with no regulation or inspection. Impacts on structures, graffiti and breakage of speleothems were identified. In this way, it is concluded that further studies on the site are essential, as well as a preservation intervention by the competent public bodies.
Artigo
O primeiro registro de um Kinnaridae cavernicolous do Velho Mundo (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Fulgoromorpha, Kinnaridae, Adolendini) fornece testemunhos de uma antiga fauna.
(2021-01-11) Hoch, Hannelore; Sendra, Alberto; Montagud, Sergio; Teruel, Santiago; Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes
A new obligately cavernicolous species in the planthopper family Kinnaridae is described from Spain. This is the first record of a cavernicolous kinnarid from the Old World, and the first record of a troglobitic fulgoromorphan hemipteran from mainland Spain, and also the 7th cavernicolous kinnarid species worldwide. Epigean Kinnaridae are not known from the present-day fauna of the Iberian Peninsula nor from Western Europe at large. The new species is regarded as a relict from an ancient fauna which is now extinct. The new cavernicolous species could not be assigned to any of the existing genera, thus a new genus is established. Molecular data (COI barcode sequence) for the new species are presented. For the first time, a detailed description of the nymphal morphology of a kinnarid is provided. Information on its ecology, behaviour, distribution and conservation status is given, and biogeographic implications are discussed.
Artigo
RELEVÂNCIA SOCIOECONÔMICA DAS CAVERNAS TURÍSTICAS BRASILEIRAS: CENÁRIO GERAL E IMPACTOS DA PANDEMIA SARS-COV-19
(2024-02) Alt, Luciana de Resende; Lobo, Heros Augusto Santos; Moura, Vitor Marcos Aguiar de
Cavernas são atrativos turísticos diferenciados no âmbito do turismo de natureza. Em razão de características como o confinamento espacial relativo, a escuridão, a relativa dificuldade de acesso, a beleza cênica de seus elementos e a diferenciação de sua fauna, geram atratividade e fascínio nos visitantes. Sua distribuição espacial no território brasileiro é ampla, gerando oportunidades diversas de contribuição ao desenvolvimento socioeconômico local em destinos turísticos, cumprindo um papel essencial ou acessório na composição da oferta de roteiros de visitação. Neste contexto, estudos anteriores focaram na caracterização geral do turismo em cavernas no Brasil e nos impactos ambientais da visitação, deixando uma lacuna sobre a importância socioeconômica das cavernas para o contexto local e regional do turismo. O presente artigo busca apontar os primeiros dados para o preenchimento desta lacuna, com uma ampla caracterização de aspectos de emprego, renda e fluxo de caixa das cavernas turísticas, com o uso de dados primários coletados com a gestão dos atrativos. Em função da temporalidade do estudo, a interferência da pandemia de SARS-COV-19 também foi identificada nos resultados. As principais conclusões apontam para um papel de relevância local das cavernas turísticas em seus respectivos contextos regionais, bem como um impacto significativo da pandemia em aspectos de geração de renda e empregabilidade, com variação temporal de até 20 meses para reabertura a visitação.