Tomas, Walfrido MoraesBerlinck, Christian NielChiaravalloti, Rafael MoraisFaggioni, Gabriel PaganiniStrüssmann, ChristineLibonati, RenataAbrahão, Carlos RobertoAlvarenga, Gabriela do ValleBacellar, Ana Elisa de FariaBatista, Flávia Regina de QueirozBornato, Thainan SilvaCamilo, André RestelCastedo, JuditeFernando, Adriana Maria EspinózaFreitas, Gabriel Oliveira deGarcia, Carolina MartinsGonçalves2, Henrique SantosGuilherme, Mariella Butti de FreitasLayme, Viviane Maria GuedesLustosa, Ana Paula GomesOliveira, Ailton Carneiro DeOliveira, Maxwell da RosaPereira, Alexandre de Matos MartinsRodrigues, Julia AbrantesSemedo, Thiago Borges FernandesSouza, Rafael Augusto Ducel deTortato, Fernando RodrigoViana, Diego Francis PassosVicente‑Silva, LucianaMorato, Ronaldo2025-07-192021-12https://bdc.icmbio.gov.br/handle/cecav/2537Anthropogenic factors have significantly influenced the frequency, duration, and intensity of meteorological drought in many regions of the globe, and the increased frequency of wildfires is among the most visible consequences of human-induced climate change. Despite the fire role in determining biodiversity outcomes in different ecosystems, wildfires can cause negative impacts on wildlife. We conducted ground surveys along line transects to estimate the first-order impact of the 2020 wildfires on vertebrates in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil. We adopted the distance sampling technique to estimate the densities and the number of dead vertebrates in the 39,030 square kilometers affected by fire. Our estimates indicate that at least 16.952 million vertebrates were killed immediately by the fires in the Pantanal, demonstrating the impact of such an event in wet savanna ecosystems. The Pantanal case also reminds us that the cumulative impact of widespread burning would be catastrophic, as fire recurrence may lead to the impoverishment of ecosystems and the disruption of their functioning. To overcome this unsustainable scenario, it is necessary to establish proper biomass fuel management to avoid cumulative impacts caused by fire over biodiversity and ecosystem services.envertebratesPantanalArtigo