CEMAVE
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://bdc.icmbio.gov.br/handle/cecav/1399
Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres
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3 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Staphylococcus sciuri as a Reservoir of mecA to Staphylococcus aureus in Non-Migratory Seabirds from a Remote Oceanic Island(Microbial Drug Resistance, 2021) Saraiva, Mauro de Mesquita Souza; de Leon, Candice Maria Cardoso Gomes; Silva, Núbia Michelle Vieira da; Raso, Tânia Freitas; Serafini, Patricia Pereira; Givisiez, Patricia Emilia Naves; Gebreyes, Wondwossen Abebe; Oliveira, Celso José Bruno deAim: Genomic analysis of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain cultured from a non-migratory seabird at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Brazilian oceanic islands) was carried out to investigate the potential origin of MRSA genetic determinants in an ecological setting with minimal or absent antimicrobial selective pressure, and minimal interaction with humans and domestic animals. Results: The study determined mecA gene homology and the phylogenetic relatedness with mecA described in Staphylococcus sciuri, which was the major Staphylococcus spp. cultured from the birds. Our findings corroborate in silico assumptions that the mecA gene in MRSA strains clinically relevant for humans and animals originates from S. sciuri ancestors. Conclusion: Coagulase-negative staphylococci seem to be natural reservoirs of methicillin-resistant genes to S. aureus, even in environments with very low antimicrobial selection pressure.Item Loss of forest cover and host functional diversity increases prevalence of avian malaria parasites in the Atlantic Forest(International Journal for Parasitology, 2021) Fecchio, Alan et alHost phylogenetic relatedness and ecological similarity are thought to contribute to parasite community assembly and infection rates. However, recent landscape level anthropogenic changes may disrupt host-parasite systems by impacting functional and phylogenetic diversity of host communities. We examined whether changes in host functional and phylogenetic diversity, forest cover, and minimum temperature influence the prevalence, diversity, and distributions of avian haemosporidian parasites (genera Haemoproteus and Plasmodium) across 18 avian communities in the Atlantic Forest. To explore spatial patterns in avian haemosporidian prevalence and taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity, we surveyed 2241 individuals belonging to 233 avian species across a deforestation gradient. Mean prevalence and parasite diversity varied considerably across avian communities and parasites responded differently to host attributes and anthropogenic changes. Avian malaria prevalence (termed herein as an infection caused by Plasmodium parasites) was higher in deforested sites, and both Plasmodium prevalence and taxonomic diversity were negatively related to host functional diversity. Increased diversity of avian hosts increased local taxonomic diversity of Plasmodium lineages but decreased phylogenetic diversity of this parasite genus. Temperature and host phylogenetic diversity did not influence prevalence and diversity of haemosporidian parasites. Variation in the diversity of avian host traits that promote parasite encounter and vector exposure (host functional diversity) partially explained the variation in avian malaria prevalence and diversity. Recent anthropogenic landscape transformation (reduced proportion of native forest cover) had a major influence on avian malaria occurrence across the Atlantic Forest. This suggests that, for Plasmodium, host phylogenetic diversity was not a biotic filter to parasite transmission as prevalence was largely explained by host ecological attributes and recent anthropogenic factors. Our results demonstrate that, similar to human malaria and other vector-transmitted pathogens, prevalence of avian malaria parasites will likely increase with deforestation.Item Free-living birds from Caatinga and Atlantic Forest of northeast Brazil as hosts of Enterobacterales, Mycoplasma spp., and Chlamydia psittaci(Ornithology Research, 2021) Lugarini, Camile; Silva, Luana T. R.; Amorim, Marcus M. R. de; Lima, Débora C. V. de; Santos, Sandra B.; Saidenberg, André B.Apparently healthy birds in protected areas in northeastern Brazil were investigated, whether shedding bacterial pathogens to the environment. We determined whether pathogens varied according to the level of the shared habitat human of each protected area, the type of vegetation, hosts’ group and different history traits as migration and foraging behavior, body mass, and sensitivity to human impacts. In addition, we also investigated whether the protected areas were preserving the wildlife from antibiotic-resistant bacteria. For that, oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected from 507 individuals of 91 species. In the culture-dependent method, most of the bacterial isolates belonged to Enterobacterales, with the highest frequency of Klebsiella aerogenes (20.5%) and Escherichia coli (19.3%). There was no relationship between Enterobacterales occurrence according to the type of vegetation, hosts’ group and history traits as foraging behavior (foraging stratum and main trophic category), and body mass, and there was a low association between the protected area and Enterobacterales (φ = 0.17). For Mycoplasma, 10.8% of PCR-tested individuals were positive, with high variation among sampled families, but none of them was positive for M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae. The protected area closer to human settlements presented more resistant isolates to broad-spectrum antibiotics gentamicin (φ = 0.45) and tetracycline (φ = 0.37) and also presented the two positive samples to primary pathogenic Chlamydia psittaci. The birds in the sampled protected areas may host and spread potentially pathogenic microorganisms as C. psittaci and Citrobacter freundii in low frequency in balanced co-existence of host/parasite. However, antibiotic-resistant Enterobacterales in protected areas might represent an impact on its bird populations and on the conservation of the environment.