CECAV
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://bdc.icmbio.gov.br/handle/cecav/1
Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cavernas
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14 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Ubajara National Park, Ceará, Brazil: a diversity assessment using complementary sampling methods(2024-09-16) Pavan, A.C.; Urbieta, G.L; Ramalho, W.P; et al.Bats are unique among mammals in their capacity for powered flight and present high species diversity and feeding habits in the Neotropical region. Despite the remarkable increase in knowledge on the distribution of neotropical bats in recent decades, information on the species’ occurrence throughout Brazil is still widely heterogeneous, with significant knowledge gaps in many biomes. The Ubajara National Park (PNU), northwestern Ceará, is an area of extreme biodiversity in the Caatinga biome, characterized by several natural caves associated with a noticeable bat community. Herein, we carried out a complementary inventory of bat diversity in the PNU, focusing on six caves and their surrounding foraging sites. Two surveys totaling 36 sampling nights were conducted using complementary methods such as mist nets, harp trap, roosting searches, and acoustic monitoring. Thirty species of bats belonging to eight families were recorded. We found significant complementarity between the sampling methods resulting in the stabilization of the rarefaction curve. Eight species were found in roosting colonies in at least one of the sampled cavities. A total of 965 individuals from 18 species, with the majority belonging to the family Phyllostomidae, were recorded using active sampling techniques. Passive acoustic monitoring yielded 14 different sonotypes of species from the Emballonuridae, Mormoopidae, Molossidae, Vespertilionidae, and Noctilionidae families. The acoustic activity of bats from distinct families was higher in the dry season and varied throughout the night. Two species registered with passive acoustic monitoring were among the captured ones, thus reinforcing the importance of diversifying methodologies to obtain more complete bat inventories.Item RELEVÂNCIA SOCIOECONÔMICA DAS CAVERNAS TURÍSTICAS BRASILEIRAS: CENÁRIO GERAL E IMPACTOS DA PANDEMIA SARS-COV-19(2024-02) Alt, Luciana de Resende; Lobo, Heros Augusto Santos; Moura, Vitor Marcos Aguiar deCavernas são atrativos turísticos diferenciados no âmbito do turismo de natureza. Em razão de características como o confinamento espacial relativo, a escuridão, a relativa dificuldade de acesso, a beleza cênica de seus elementos e a diferenciação de sua fauna, geram atratividade e fascínio nos visitantes. Sua distribuição espacial no território brasileiro é ampla, gerando oportunidades diversas de contribuição ao desenvolvimento socioeconômico local em destinos turísticos, cumprindo um papel essencial ou acessório na composição da oferta de roteiros de visitação. Neste contexto, estudos anteriores focaram na caracterização geral do turismo em cavernas no Brasil e nos impactos ambientais da visitação, deixando uma lacuna sobre a importância socioeconômica das cavernas para o contexto local e regional do turismo. O presente artigo busca apontar os primeiros dados para o preenchimento desta lacuna, com uma ampla caracterização de aspectos de emprego, renda e fluxo de caixa das cavernas turísticas, com o uso de dados primários coletados com a gestão dos atrativos. Em função da temporalidade do estudo, a interferência da pandemia de SARS-COV-19 também foi identificada nos resultados. As principais conclusões apontam para um papel de relevância local das cavernas turísticas em seus respectivos contextos regionais, bem como um impacto significativo da pandemia em aspectos de geração de renda e empregabilidade, com variação temporal de até 20 meses para reabertura a visitação.Item Before it’s too late: priority areas for conservation of cryptic and threatened species of troglobitic arthropods in the Brazilian semiarid(2024-04-18) Bento, Diego de Medeiros; Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes; Vasconcelos, Santelmo; Lima, Jamily Lorena Ramos de; Oliveira, Guilherme; Silva, Tiago Castro; Lima, Sergio Maia QueirozOne of the most important steps in identifying priority areas for conservation is the assessment of species richness and their extinction risks. While most species remain undescribed, the identification of cryptic lineages is frequent in phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies. This is particularly common in troglobites, exclusively subterranean organisms. The Jandaíra Formation, in the Brazilian semiarid, combines the occurrence of extensive karstic areas with hundreds of caves and subterranean aquifers in a region with intense paleoclimatic changes. This region is recognized for the richness of troglobitic species, some of which are widely distributed in heterogeneous areas. This suggests cryptic lineages that can be differentially exposed to anthropogenic threats, with distinct extinction risks regarding the nominal taxa of which they putatively belong. To test it, a large sampling was conducted and, by means of lineage delimitation analyses, the genetic structure of four troglobitic taxa, three aquatic and one terrestrial, was evaluated. In addition, the extinction risk of these lineages was assessed and priority areas for conservation were identified. The results indicated that while Cirolanidae sp. 1 (Isopoda) is a single species widely distributed, Cirolanidae sp. 2, Potiberaba porakuara (Amphipoda) and Kinnapotiguara troglobia (Hemiptera) present an extensive diversity of cryptic and endemic lineages, most of which are likely new threatened species. Furthermore, two priority areas for conservation of these lineages were identified. Thus, comparative phylogeography may represent a first step in the conservation of subterranean taxa, indicating areas that should be prioritized in a context of increasing threats and dwindling conservation resources.Item O primeiro registro de um Kinnaridae cavernicolous do Velho Mundo (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Fulgoromorpha, Kinnaridae, Adolendini) fornece testemunhos de uma antiga fauna.(2021-01-11) Hoch, Hannelore; Sendra, Alberto; Montagud, Sergio; Teruel, Santiago; Ferreira, Rodrigo LopesA new obligately cavernicolous species in the planthopper family Kinnaridae is described from Spain. This is the first record of a cavernicolous kinnarid from the Old World, and the first record of a troglobitic fulgoromorphan hemipteran from mainland Spain, and also the 7th cavernicolous kinnarid species worldwide. Epigean Kinnaridae are not known from the present-day fauna of the Iberian Peninsula nor from Western Europe at large. The new species is regarded as a relict from an ancient fauna which is now extinct. The new cavernicolous species could not be assigned to any of the existing genera, thus a new genus is established. Molecular data (COI barcode sequence) for the new species are presented. For the first time, a detailed description of the nymphal morphology of a kinnarid is provided. Information on its ecology, behaviour, distribution and conservation status is given, and biogeographic implications are discussed.Item Description and ecology of a new species of the cricket genus Endecous (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) in the speleological province of Arcos-Pains-Doresópolis, Southeastern Brazil(2020-07-31) AntÔnio Castro-Souza, Rodrigo; Gabriel Pereira Junta, Vitor; Lopes Ferreira, RodrigoA new cricket species of the genus Endecous Saussure, 1878 is described in the present work found in the speleological province of Arcos-Pains-Doresópolis, which belongs to the limestone group Bambuí, Brazil. Moreover, the spatial distribution of the new species was related to the species Eidmanacris sp., which co-occurs with the former in several caves. Relationships between species abundance and horizontal projection, number of entrances and environmental stability of the caves where these species coexist were evaluated. The presence of bilateral symmetry in individuals of Endecous painensis n. sp. perhaps due to environmental stress caused by mining activities surrounding the cave was also tested. Endecous crickets are commonly observed in the caves, for which the preference by distinct microhabitats and generalist strategies may be key factors explaining colonization and segregation in relation to other cricket species in subterranean habitats. The generalist lifestyle of the here described species may attenuate the effects environmental stresses over development.Item The Educational Potential of Geodiversity in Ferruginous Geosystem: the Example of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais, Brazil(2021-03-28) José dos Santos, Darcy; Ruchkys, Úrsula; Eduardo Panisset Travassos, LuizOne of the most significant ferruginous geosystems in Brazil and worldwide is the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, located in Minas Gerais, in its southeastern part. Its economic importance imposes intense pressure on unique environmental attributes, such as rare species of flora and fauna, speleological sites, scenic beauty, water resources, geological outcrops and fossils. To protect one of the few remnants of this geosystem not yet economically used by mining, a conservation unit of integral protection was created in 2014: the Serra do Gandarela National Park. In this context, the article aims to inventory and evaluate representative sites of geodiversity for educational purposes, indicating a methodological procedure that can be used for other ferruginous geosystems in Brazil and the world. For this, two methodological steps were used. The first involved assessing the study area as a whole, using map algebra which considered geodiversity, environmental vulnerability and capillarity of access roads. Using the results of the previous one, the second stage evaluated six specific geodiversity sites in the study area for didactic use, from a qualitative, quantitative point of view and regarding the risk of degradation. The results show that this integrated evaluation proved to be suitable, allowing the identification of the potentialities and risks of the selected sites and understanding the implications for the educational use of each one of them due to their location within the conservation unit.Item Living in the dark: Bat caves as hotspots of fungal diversity(2020-12-04) O. B. Cunha, Aline; D. P. Bezerra, Jadson; G. L. Oliveira, Thays; Barbier, Eder; Bernard, Enrico; R. Machado, Alexandre; M. Souza-Motta, Cristina; Sabrina SarroccoBat caves are very special roosts that harbour thousands of bats of one or more species. Such sites may hold an incredible “dark fungal diversity” which is still underestimated. We explored the culturable fungal richness in the air, on bats, and in the guano in a bat cave in Brazil’s Caatinga dry forest. Fungal abundance was 683 colony-forming units (CFU) in the guano, 673 CFU in the air, and 105 CFU on the bats. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analysis of ITS, LSU, and TUB2 sequences, fungal isolates of 59 taxa belonging to 37 genera in the phyla Ascomycota (28 genera, including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Talaromyces), Basidiomycota (eight genera, including Rhodotorula and Schizophyllum), and Mucoromycota (only Rhizopus) were identified. The fungal richness in the air was 23 taxa (especially Aspergillus taxa), mainly found at 15 m and 45 m from the cave entrance; on the bodies of bats it was 36 taxa (mainly Aspergillus taxa), especially on their wing membranes (21 taxa, nine of which were exclusively found in this microhabitat); and in guano 10 fungal taxa (especially Aspergillus and Penicillium) were found. The fungal richness associated with guano (fresh and non-fresh) was similar from bats with different eating habits (insectivorous, frugivorous, and haematophagous). Sampling effort was not sufficient to reveal the total fungal taxa richness estimated. Eight (21.6%) of the 37 genera and 17 (53.1%) of the 32 identified fungal species are reported for the first time in caves. Our results highlight bat caves in Brazil as hotspots of fungal diversity, emphasizing the need to protect such special roosts.- First record of a cavernicolous Kinnaridae from the Old World (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Fulgoromorpha, Kinnaridae, Adolendini) provides testimony of an ancient fauna(2021) Hoch, Hannelore; Sendra, Alberto; Montagud, Sergio; Teruel, Santiago; Ferreira, Rodrigo LopesA new obligately cavernicolous species in the planthopper family Kinnaridae is described from Spain. This is the first record of a cavernicolous kinnarid from the Old World, and the first record of a troglobitic fulgoromorphan hemipteran from mainland Spain, and also the 7th cavernicolous kinnarid species world-wide. Epigean Kinnaridae are not known from the present-day fauna of the Iberian Peninsula nor from Western Europe at large. The new species is regarded as a relict from an ancient fauna which is now ex-tinct. The new cavernicolous species could not be assigned to any of the existing genera, thus a new genus is established. Molecular data (COI barcode sequence) for the new species are presented. For the first time, a detailed description of the nymphal morphology of a kinnarid is provided. Information on its ecology, behaviour, distribution and conservation status is given, and biogeographic implications are discussed.
Item A new centipede Schendylops Cook from eastern Brazil: the firsttroglobitic geophilomorph for South America (Geophilomorpha, Schendylidae)(2019) NUNES, GABRIELLE ABREU; CHAGAS-JR, AMAZONAS; BICHUETTE, MARIA ELINASchendylops janelaosp. n. is described from a limestone cave located in eastern Brazil. There are several reports of geophilomorphs in Brazilian caves, however, the new species represents the first troglobite species for South America and the first for Gruta do Janelão Cave, northern Minas Gerais State. Schendylops janelaosp. n. is described based on a male specimen and differs from its congeners by a combination of 10 characters. We discuss the character-states related to subterranean life and the conservation status of the species.Item Cladistic analysis of the Brazilian troglobitic harvestmengenusIandumoemaPinto-da-Rocha (Opiliones:Gonyleptidae) with the description of three new species:a brief exercise over the use of troglomorphisms in cladisticanalysis(2020-06-26) Ázara, Ludson Neves de; Hara, Marcos Ryotara; Ferreira, Rodrigo LopesFrom an ecological and evolutionary standpoint, troglobitic organisms are of special interest because theyhave evolved in, and are restricted to, the subterranean environment.IandumoemaPinto-da-Rocha, 1997 stands out forbeing the only Brazilian harvestmen genus with more than one troglobitic species, with three species described fromcaves in Minas Gerais state. Traditionally, testing the monophyly of troglobitic groups is more challenging than testinggroups that do not include troglobites. Many of their shared features might be the result of convergence or parallelismimposed by the cave environment, such as the absence of light, limited and infrequent availability of food resources andlow population density, among others. In the case ofIandumoema, this becomes even more difficult because the genus iscurrently included in the species-rich and polyphyletic subfamily Pachylinae. This study tested the monophyly of thistroglobitic genus and proposed thefirst phylogenetic hypothesis forIandumoemabased on cladistic analysis usingmorphological data. The analysis included all described species ofIandumoemaand three new troglobitic species:I. cuca, sp. nov. (type locality: Itacarambi, Gruta da Água do João Ferreira);I. gollum, sp. nov. (type locality: PresidenteJuscelino, Lapa D’Água); andI. stygia, sp. nov. (type locality: Montes Claros, Gruta do Cedro). The matrix comprises79 characters and 28 terminal taxa: six species ofIandumoema; 14 of Pachylinae; six from other Gonyleptidaesubfamilies; one species of Cosmetidae; and one of Metasarcidae. The cladistic analysis resulted in one parsimonioustree (339 steps, consistency index = 0.35, retention index = 0.56).Iandumoemais a monophyletic and well supportedgenus, nestled among Brazilian‘Pachylinae’. Three new species are described and an identification key and ecologicalremarks for all six species of the genusIandumoemais provided.