BIOLOGIA SUBTERRÂNEA
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://bdc.icmbio.gov.br/handle/cecav/3
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Item The paleoichnofauna in bones of Brazilian Quaternary cave deposits and the proposition of two new ichnotaxa(2023-10-22) Trifilio, Lucas Henrique Medeiros da Silva; Araújo Júnior, Hermínio Ismael de; Porpino, Kleberson de OliveiraThe Quaternary vertebrate paleontology of the Brazilian Intertropical Region is well-known, but there are only a few publications on bone ichnology. In this paper, we analyzed trace fossils in 23 bones of the Gruna das Três Cobras, Complexo Suíço, and F3 caves, which are located in Bahia and Rio Grande do Norte states, in the Brazilian Intertropical Region. We discovered gnaw marks assigned to Machichnus and bite marks attributed to Nihilichnus, as well as insect modifications referring to single (Cuniculichnus, Gunnellichnus, Karethraichnus, and Osteocallis) and multiple behaviors (Munitusichnus, and Taotieichnus). Additionally, we proposed the new ichnospecies Nihilichnus sulcatus n. isp. (bite mark) and Cuniculichnus cascudoi n. isp. (insect feeding mark). Regarding the predation/scavenger marks, Protocyon troglodytes was the probable primary modification agent, but some traces may also be attributed to Smilodon populator and Caiman latirostris. Cuniculichnus, Karethraichnus, Munitusichnus, and Osteocallis are attributed to dermestids, whereas termites probably produced Gunnelichnus and Taotieichnus.Item Three new species of Eusarcus Perty, 1833 (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae) from Brazilian caves(2021) Santos-Júnior, Gilson Argolo; Ázara, Ludson Neves; Ferreira, Rodrigo LopesThree new species of Eusarcus Perty, 1833 are described from Brazilian caves, increasing the number of species of the genus to 40, eight of which have occurrences in caves. Eusarcus capixaba sp. nov. is described from Lapa do Sítio Paraíso Cave, municipality of Ecoporanga, state of Espírito Santo. Eusarcus marmoreus sp. nov. is described from Caverna Archimides Panssini Cave, municipality of Vargem Alta, state of Espírito Santo. Finally, Eusarcus xambioa sp. nov. is described from Caverna da Explosão Cave, municipality of Xambioá, state of Tocantins. Notes on the species’ habitats and a distribution map are also provided.Item Reproduction, development, asymmetry and late eye regression in the Brazilian cave catfish Ituglanis passensis (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae): evidence contributing to the neutral mutation theory(2021) Secutti, Sandro; Trajano, EleonoraThe troglobitic (exclusively subterranean source population) catfish Ituglanis passensis (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) is endemic to the Passa Três Cave, São Domingos karst area, Rio Tocantins basin, Central Brazil. This unique population presents variably reduced eyes and melanic pigmentation. We describe reproduction and early development in this species based on a spontaneous (non-induced) reproductive-event that occurred in the laboratory in January–February, 2009, while simultaneously comparing with data from the cave-habitat and a previous reproductive event. Egg laying was parceled. Egg-size and number were within variations observed in epigean congeners. Larvae behavior and growth is described. A single surviving specimen was monitored over two years. Eye-regression started late, one year after birth, and followed a pattern of stasis phases intercalated with slow growth and fluctuating asymmetric rates. Late eye regression, associated with asymmetry in eye development and intra-population variability of troglomorphic traits, as shown by several Brazilian subterranean fishes, provide support for the Neutral Mutation Theory.Item First record of albinism in a mustached bat (Chiroptera, Mormoopidae) from South America(2021-01-22) S. B. Leal, Edson; F. Ramalho, DanielChromatic alterations, including albinism, are rare in wild animals. In bats, at least 160 cases of albinism have been recorded in individuals from ten families. For Mormoopidae, a single case of albinism and two cases of piebaldism are known in the world. This paper documents the first case of albinism in Mormoopidae in South America, which represents the first record of pigmentation alteration in Wagner’s mustached bat, Pteronotus personatus (Wagner, 1843) throughout its range. We provide a discussion on the impacts of interaction in roosts on fitness and survival of albino individuals.- Three new species of Eusarcus Perty, 1833 (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae) from Brazilian caves(2021-03-23) Argolo dos Santos Júnior, Gilson; Neves de Ázara, Ludson; Lopes Ferreira, RodrigoThree new species of Eusarcus Perty, 1833 are described from Brazilian caves, increasing the number of species of the genus to 40, eight of which have occurrences in caves. Eusarcus capixaba sp. nov. is described from Lapa do Sítio Paraíso Cave, municipality of Ecoporanga, state of Espírito Santo. Eusarcus marmoreus sp. nov. is described from Caverna Archimides Panssini Cave, municipality of Vargem Alta, state of Espírito Santo. Finally, Eusarcus xambioa sp. nov. is described from Caverna da Explosão Cave, municipality of Xambioá, state of Tocantins. Notes on the species’ habitats and a distribution map are also provided.
Item Living in the dark: Bat caves as hotspots of fungal diversity(2020-12-04) O. B. Cunha, Aline; D. P. Bezerra, Jadson; G. L. Oliveira, Thays; Barbier, Eder; Bernard, Enrico; R. Machado, Alexandre; M. Souza-Motta, Cristina; Sabrina SarroccoBat caves are very special roosts that harbour thousands of bats of one or more species. Such sites may hold an incredible “dark fungal diversity” which is still underestimated. We explored the culturable fungal richness in the air, on bats, and in the guano in a bat cave in Brazil’s Caatinga dry forest. Fungal abundance was 683 colony-forming units (CFU) in the guano, 673 CFU in the air, and 105 CFU on the bats. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analysis of ITS, LSU, and TUB2 sequences, fungal isolates of 59 taxa belonging to 37 genera in the phyla Ascomycota (28 genera, including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Talaromyces), Basidiomycota (eight genera, including Rhodotorula and Schizophyllum), and Mucoromycota (only Rhizopus) were identified. The fungal richness in the air was 23 taxa (especially Aspergillus taxa), mainly found at 15 m and 45 m from the cave entrance; on the bodies of bats it was 36 taxa (mainly Aspergillus taxa), especially on their wing membranes (21 taxa, nine of which were exclusively found in this microhabitat); and in guano 10 fungal taxa (especially Aspergillus and Penicillium) were found. The fungal richness associated with guano (fresh and non-fresh) was similar from bats with different eating habits (insectivorous, frugivorous, and haematophagous). Sampling effort was not sufficient to reveal the total fungal taxa richness estimated. Eight (21.6%) of the 37 genera and 17 (53.1%) of the 32 identified fungal species are reported for the first time in caves. Our results highlight bat caves in Brazil as hotspots of fungal diversity, emphasizing the need to protect such special roosts.- Three new species of Eusarcus Perty, 1833 (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae) from Brazilian caves(2021) SANTOS JÚNIOR, Gilson Argolo dos; ÁZARA, Ludson Neves de; FERREIRA, Rodrigo LopesThree new species of Eusarcus Perty, 1833 are described from Brazilian caves, increasing the number of species of the genus to 40, eight of which have occurrences in caves. Eusarcus capixabasp. nov. is described from Lapa do Sítio Paraíso Cave, municipality of Ecoporanga, state of Espírito Santo. Eusarcus marmoreus sp. nov. is described from Caverna Archimides Panssini Cave, municipality of Vargem Alta, state of Espírito Santo. Finally, Eusarcus xambioa sp. nov. is described from Caverna da Explosão Cave, municipality of Xambioá, state of Tocantins. Notes on the species’ habitats and a distribution map are also provided.
Item Two new troglobitic species of Oxarthrius Reitter (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae) from Brazil(2018-08-28) ASENJO, ANGÉLICO; ZAMPAULO, ROBSON DE ALMEIDA; FERREIRA, RODRIGO LOPESTwonew species, Oxarthrius inexpectatus and Oxarthrius aurora, are described from caves in Minas Gerais and Tocantins states in Brazil, respectively. The major diagnostic features are illustrated and a key to the known species from Brazil is given.- Cylindroniscus platoi (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Styloniscidae), a new cave-dwelling species from Lagoa Santa Karst, Southeastern Brazil(2018) FERNANDES, CAMILE SORBO; CAMPOS-FILHO, IVANKLIN SOARES; BICHUETTE, MARIA ELINAThe new species Cylindroniscus platoi n.sp. is herein described. As far as known, the species occurs only in three caves developed in a continuous limestone outcrop at Pedro Leopoldo municipality, Minas Gerais State. Cylindroniscus platoin. sp. is regarded as an endemic troglobite based on its limited distribution and on non-obvious troglomorphisms found on its body surface.
- Multi-instar descriptions of cave dwelling Erythraeidae (Trombidiformes: Parasitengona) employing an integrative approach(Magnolia Press, 2019-12-31) COSTA, SAMUEL GEREMIAS DOS SANTOS; KLOMPEN, HANS; BERNARDI, LEOPOLDO FERREIRA DE OLIVEIRA; GONÇALVES, LUCIANA CARDOSO; RIBEIRO, DANTE BATISTA; PEPATO, ALMIR ROGÉRIOThe life cycle of Parasitengona includes major morphological changes precluding an instar association based only on the morphology. This makes rearing and/or molecular data necessary to associate the heteromorphic instars. Most of the described species are known from either post larval instars or larva. Following a previous study on Palearctic Erythraeidae, in the present study the instar association was made through an integrative approach including rearing trials and molecular analysis of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene with the Bayesian Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (bGMYC) algorithm for species delimitation. Two new cave dwelling Erythraeidae (Trombidiformes: Parasitengona) species are described Lasioerythraeus jessicae sp. nov. and Leptus sidorchukae sp. nov. including all active instars. Additionally, a complete description of the previously unknown adults of Charletonia rocciai Treat & Flechtmann, 1979 is provided with notes on the larva and deutonymph. We also demonstrate experimentally that Ch. rocciai larvae are not attached to the same individual host during the entire feeding stage. We discuss the presence of troglomorphisms in Le. sidorchukae sp. nov.; and the distribution of the species.