BIOLOGIA SUBTERRÂNEA
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://bdc.icmbio.gov.br/handle/cecav/3
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Global distribution of microwhip scorpions (Arachnida: Palpigradi)(2021-01-29) Mammola, Stefano; Souza, Maysa Fernanda Villela Rezende; Isaia, Marco; Ferreira, Rodrigo LopesAim Historically, research on global distribution patterns has mostly concentrated on conspicuous organisms and thus a large proportion of biodiversity on Earth remains unmapped. We examined the global distribution of palpigrades, a poorly studied group of low dispersive arachnids specialized to subterranean life. We asked what are the ecological factors driving their distributions, and to what extent sampling bias may influence the observed patterns. Location Global. Taxon Palpigrades (Arachnida: Palpigradi) in the genus Eukoenenia. Methods We assembled a database of over 1000 localities and referring to 57 soil- and 69 cave-adapted palpigrades. We tested for differences in range sizes of soil- and cave-adapted species. We used variance partitioning analysis to explore the contribution of climate, nutrient availability and geology in driving observed distributions. Finally, we verified the potential correlation between the number of occurrence records and the number of palpigrades' researchers. Results Europe and Brazil emerged as centres of diversification of cave-adapted palpigrades. Conversely, the diversity of soil-adapted species was distributed over a broader geographical expanse, mainly in the Southern Hemisphere. Both cave and soil species had narrow distribution ranges, with a median value of 0.01 km2; only a few parthenogenetic species were distributed over multiple continents. The distribution of cave- and soil-adapted palpigrades was primarily explained by climatic conditions, and secondarily by nutrient and habitat availability. In the Alps, the distribution of cave-adapted species also bears the signature of historical events related to glaciation cycles. We observed, however, a pronounced people-species correlation, suggesting that the observed patterns are not generalizable to poorly explored areas. Main conclusions Our study highlights enormous gaps in current knowledge about the biogeography of palpigrades. Even if the information is largely incomplete and biased, we show how data can be harnessed to draw a preliminary picture of the global distribution patterns of palpigrades. Thus, we offer a jumping-off point for future studies on the macroecology and conservation of poorly known organisms.Item Three new species of Eusarcus Perty, 1833 (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae) from Brazilian caves(2021) Santos-Júnior, Gilson Argolo; Ázara, Ludson Neves; Ferreira, Rodrigo LopesThree new species of Eusarcus Perty, 1833 are described from Brazilian caves, increasing the number of species of the genus to 40, eight of which have occurrences in caves. Eusarcus capixaba sp. nov. is described from Lapa do Sítio Paraíso Cave, municipality of Ecoporanga, state of Espírito Santo. Eusarcus marmoreus sp. nov. is described from Caverna Archimides Panssini Cave, municipality of Vargem Alta, state of Espírito Santo. Finally, Eusarcus xambioa sp. nov. is described from Caverna da Explosão Cave, municipality of Xambioá, state of Tocantins. Notes on the species’ habitats and a distribution map are also provided.Item Cladistic analysis of the Brazilian troglobitic harvestmengenusIandumoemaPinto-da-Rocha (Opiliones:Gonyleptidae) with the description of three new species:a brief exercise over the use of troglomorphisms in cladisticanalysis(2020-06-26) Ázara, Ludson Neves de; Hara, Marcos Ryotara; Ferreira, Rodrigo LopesFrom an ecological and evolutionary standpoint, troglobitic organisms are of special interest because theyhave evolved in, and are restricted to, the subterranean environment.IandumoemaPinto-da-Rocha, 1997 stands out forbeing the only Brazilian harvestmen genus with more than one troglobitic species, with three species described fromcaves in Minas Gerais state. Traditionally, testing the monophyly of troglobitic groups is more challenging than testinggroups that do not include troglobites. Many of their shared features might be the result of convergence or parallelismimposed by the cave environment, such as the absence of light, limited and infrequent availability of food resources andlow population density, among others. In the case ofIandumoema, this becomes even more difficult because the genus iscurrently included in the species-rich and polyphyletic subfamily Pachylinae. This study tested the monophyly of thistroglobitic genus and proposed thefirst phylogenetic hypothesis forIandumoemabased on cladistic analysis usingmorphological data. The analysis included all described species ofIandumoemaand three new troglobitic species:I. cuca, sp. nov. (type locality: Itacarambi, Gruta da Água do João Ferreira);I. gollum, sp. nov. (type locality: PresidenteJuscelino, Lapa D’Água); andI. stygia, sp. nov. (type locality: Montes Claros, Gruta do Cedro). The matrix comprises79 characters and 28 terminal taxa: six species ofIandumoema; 14 of Pachylinae; six from other Gonyleptidaesubfamilies; one species of Cosmetidae; and one of Metasarcidae. The cladistic analysis resulted in one parsimonioustree (339 steps, consistency index = 0.35, retention index = 0.56).Iandumoemais a monophyletic and well supportedgenus, nestled among Brazilian‘Pachylinae’. Three new species are described and an identification key and ecologicalremarks for all six species of the genusIandumoemais provided.