BIOLOGIA SUBTERRÂNEA
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://bdc.icmbio.gov.br/handle/cecav/3
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- An Exceptionally High Bat Species Richness in a Cave Conservation Hotspot in Central Brazil(2021) de Sousa Barros, Jennifer; Bernard, Enrico; Lopes Ferreira, RodrigoCaves are among the most used and important roosts for hundreds of bat species worldwide. However, caves remain some of the least known and most threatened environments globally. Documenting the richness of bat species in caves is important not only to draw attention to the uniqueness and relevance of these roosts, but it also contributes to the identification of priority sites for the conservation of bats and the cave fauna dependent upon them. Here, we assessed and described an exceptionally high bat richness in a group of caves in southeastern Tocantins, central Brazil. Inventories carried out in 19 caves resulted in seven families and 31 bat species, of which three were new regional records. Twelve caves were used by threatened and endangered bat species, eight had high diversity indices, and seven caves had high species richness, including one cave that may hold a world record with 26 bat species found inside. The variation in beta diversity is mainly due to species turnover, which indicates that protecting the largest possible number of caves would be ideal for the most efficient conservation of local bat assemblages. The sampled region stands out for its high potential for the conservation of endangered species, and we strongly recommend the full protection of 15 caves classified as a priority for conservation.
- Anophtalmic and epigean?Description of an intriguing new species of Hyalella (Amphipoda, Hyalellidae) from Brazil(Magnolia Press, 2018) BASTOS-PEREIRA, RAFAELA; OLIVEIRA, MARCUS PAULO ALVES DE; FERREIRA, RODRIGO L.The absence of eyes in Hyalella (Hyalellidae, Amphipoda) is typical of obligate groundwater-dwelling species. However, a new intriguing blind amphipod of this genus was found in epigean streams from the Iron Quadrangle (state of Minas Gerais, Brazil). Hyalella troglofugia sp nov. presents antenna 1 shorter than antenna 2, gnathopod 1 propodus inner face with four setae, gnathopod 2 propodus posterior margin longer than palm, dactylus slightly longer than palm, pereopod 5 shorter than others and uropod 3 shorter than telson. The absence of eyes and presence of reduced U3 and pereopods of H. troglofugia sp nov. may suggest that such species also inhabits interstitial subterranean spaces. Moreover, the presence of the new species on streams associated to distinct hydrological zones indicates that this species may be present in dif-ferent types of subterranean habitats of the region. We hypothesize that at least part of the population of this species may have left the subterranean environment looking for food and when out of this habitat it preferentially inhabits high water flow stretches of the stream in function of predation avoidance.
- Cave lithology effect on subterranean biodiversity: A case study in quartzite and granitoid caves(2020-10) Souza-Silva, Marconi; Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti; Ferreira, Rodrigo LopesPhysical features and lithology variations contribute to promoting changes in faunal composition and richness between caves in Neotropics. Cave lithology effects on biodiversity were reported to iron ore caves in Brazil, however, it is less clear to granitoid and quartzite caves. Hence, based on these two kinds of rocks we correlate invertebrates species richness and composition with some cave features (lithology, the distance between caves, cave extension, number of entrances, entrance size, environmental stability, and altitude). Overall, 1,027 invertebrate species were recorded in 50 sampled caves. From this total, 11 obligate cave species were found. Invertebrate assemblages showed considerable turnover between caves and rock types with a strong contribution of replacement component of beta diversity. Replacement influence was greatest in quartzite caves mainly because of altitude and distance among caves. Furthermore, richness was determined by cave extension in both lithotypes, although this relationship was much more pronounced for the granitoid caves, which contradicts previous studies. The granitoid caves studied here are predominantly structured by stacked blocks with macro and meso anastomosed subterranean spaces that provide an extensive network of interstices with structural characteristics similar to shallow subterranean habitats that may increase in habitat availability and species richness. The study highlight that the lithology-mediated effects of cave extension on richness must be considered for quartzite and granitoid in the ecological and conservational proposal. Furthermore, altitude and distance among caves were important elements determining invertebrate composition.
- Chaimowiczia: a new Iuiuniscinae genus from Brazil (Oniscidea, Synocheta, Styloniscidae) with the description of two new troglobitic species(2021-06-08) Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli; Bastos-Pereira, Rafaela; Souza, Leila Aparecida; Ferreira, Rodrigo L.; Stefano TaitiA new genus of Styloniscidae, Chaimowiczia gen. nov., is described with two new species: Chaimowiczia tatus sp. nov. from Gruta do Padre cave (Santana, Bahia) and Chaimowiczia uai sp. nov. from Lapa d’água do Zezé cave (Itacarambi, Minas Gerais). The new genus and species were allocated into the subfamily Iui-uniscinae, hitherto monotypic, by the pronounced rectangular-shaped lateral pereonites epimera, dorsal surface smooth, body outline continuous without a gap between pereon and pleon, and pleonites 3 to 5 developed forming tips. The two species of Chaimowiczia gen. nov. differ in the shape of cephalon anten-nal lobes, pereonite 1 epimera, pleonite 5 posterior margin and uropod exopod and endopod proportion.
- Checklist and identification key to Brazilian species of Triplocania Roesler (Psocodea: ‘Psocoptera’: Psocomorpha: Ptiloneuridae), with four new cave-dwelling species(2021-03-03) MOREIRA DA SILVA NETO, ALBERTO; N. GARCÍA ALDRETE, ALFONSO; ALBERTINO RAFAEL, JOSÉ; LOPES FERREIRA, RODRIGOFour species of Triplocania are described and illustrated (T. brancoi n. sp., T. ferratilis n. sp., T. pains n. sp., and T. zairae n. sp.), all based on male specimens collected in caves of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. An identification key is presented to the Brazilian species of Triplocania, based on males, together with information on both sexes and distributions.
- Checklist and identification key to Brazilian species of Triplocania Roesler (Psocodea: ‘Psocoptera’: Psocomorpha: Ptiloneuridae), with four new cave-dwelling species(Magnolia Press, 2021-03-03) SILVA NETO, ALBERTO MOREIRA DA; GARCÍA ALDRETE, ALFONSO N.; RAFAEL, JOSÉ ALBERTINO; FERREIRA, RODRIGO LOPESFour species of Triplocania are described and illustrated (T.brancoin. sp., T.ferratilisn. sp., T. painsn. sp., and T. zairaen. sp.), all based on male specimens collected in caves of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. An identification key is presented to the Brazilian species of Triplocania, based on males, together with information on both sexes and distributions.
- Checklist and identification key to Brazilian species of Triplocania Roesler (Psocodea: ‘Psocoptera’: Psocomorpha: Ptiloneuridae), with four new cave-dwelling species(2021-03-03) MOREIRA DA SILVA NETO, ALBERTO; N. GARCÍA ALDRETE, ALFONSO; ALBERTINO RAFAEL, JOSÉ; LOPES FERREIRA, RODRIGOFour species of Triplocania are described and illustrated (T. brancoi n. sp., T. ferratilis n. sp., T. pains n. sp., and T. zairae n. sp.), all based on male specimens collected in caves of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. An identification key is presented to the Brazilian species of Triplocania, based on males, together with information on both sexes and distributions.
- A cladistic analysis of the Brazilian troglobitic harvestmen genus Iandumoema Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997 (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae) with the description of three new species(2019-07-03) de Ázara, Ludson; Hara, Marcos; Ferreira, Rodrigo; Gonzalo GiribetIandumoema was the third troglobitic (i.e., ecological-evolutionary concept denoting 16that the organism is restricted to the subterranean environment) genus of Brazilian harvestmen to be described. It is also the only troglobitic genus in Brazil with more than one species, comprising three described species, all from caves in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Traditionally, testing monophyly of troglobitic groups is difficult because many features shared by them might be result of convergence/parallelism due to the pressure of the cave environment. This issue, as well as comparative studies, is hindered because Iandumoema is also currently placed in the species rich and polyphyletic subfamily Pachylinae. In this work, we test the monophyly of this troglobitic genus and propose the first phylogenetic hypothesis for Iandumoema based on cladistic analysis using morphological data. The analysis included all described species of Iandumoema plus three new troglobitic species: I. cuca, sp. nov.(Itacarambi: Gruta da Água do João Ferreira), I. gollum, sp. nov. (Presidente Juscelino: Lapa D'Água) and I. stygia, sp. nov. (Montes Claros: Gruta do Cedro). The character matrix comprises 79 characters for 28 terminal taxa: six species of Iandumoema, 14 species of Pachylinae, six species from other Gonyleptidae subfamilies, one species of Cosmetidae and one species of Metasarcidae. The cladistic analysis using heuristic search retrieved one most parsimonious tree (339 steps, consistency index = 0.35, retention index = 0.56). Iandumoema is a monophyletic and well-supported genus, nested among Brazilian “Pachylinae”. The present work also provides an identification key and ecological 35remarks for all the six species of the genus Iandumoema.
- Cylindroniscus platoi (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Styloniscidae), a new cave-dwelling species from Lagoa Santa Karst, Southeastern Brazil(2018) FERNANDES, CAMILE SORBO; CAMPOS-FILHO, IVANKLIN SOARES; BICHUETTE, MARIA ELINAThe new species Cylindroniscus platoi n.sp. is herein described. As far as known, the species occurs only in three caves developed in a continuous limestone outcrop at Pedro Leopoldo municipality, Minas Gerais State. Cylindroniscus platoin. sp. is regarded as an endemic troglobite based on its limited distribution and on non-obvious troglomorphisms found on its body surface.
- Description of a New Species of Fossil Ceratophrys (Anura: Ceratophryidae) From Versalles Cave, São Paulo, Brazil(2020-10) A. Barcelos, Lucas; Almeida-Silva, Diego; M. D. Santos, Charles; K. Verdade, VanessaWe describe a new fossil species of Ceratophrys from cave sediments in Brazil tentatively assessed as late Pleistocene–early Holocene in age. The specimen consists of a nearly complete skull that is missing only the right premaxilla and the right columella. A detailed description and comparative analysis, which considers both living and fossil species, supports the conclusion that the specimen represents a previously unknown, extinct species of Ceratophrys. Poorly represented and assessed characters, paleodistribution of Ceratophryidae, and the taxonomic rectification of the Ceratophrys fossil specimens described by Günther (1859) are also discussed.
- Ecology of Antricola ticks in a bat cave in north-eastern Brazil(2020-09-12) Barbier, Eder; Bernard, Enrico; Dantas‑Torres, FilipeArgasid ticks are a diverse group of acarines that parasitize numerous vertebrate hosts. Along with birds, bats serve as hosts for several argasid ticks, which are commonly found in bat caves. Argasid ticks have regained attention from tick taxonomists in recent dec-ades, with a number of new species described in various zoogeographical regions. None-theless, studies on their ecology are still scarce. We conducted a 1-year longitudinal study to assess the presence of argasid ticks in a bat cave in the drylands of north-eastern Brazil and evaluate their possible response to abiotic factors. From July 2014 to June 2015, 490 ticks were collected (272 nymphs, 169 males and 49 females) in a cave chamber hosting a large colony of Pteronotus spp. bats, being relatively more frequent from July to December 2014. Adults were identified as Antricola guglielmonei, whereas nymphs were assigned to the genus Antricola. Almost all ticks (98%) were collected on the cave walls. Only 2% were on the ceiling and, surprisingly, no specimens were found on the floor and/or guano. Adults were usually clustered in the crevices and little mobile, whereas nymphs were dispersed and more active, moving over the walls or ceiling of the cave. Although present in most of the studied period, there was a significantly negative correlation between tick abundance and relatively humidity, and A. guglielmonei was more frequent during the dry season. Moreover, there was no evident correlation between the abundance of ticks and bats. Fur-ther long-term studies will be able to verify whether this pattern is repeated over time, and even whether other variables can influence the population dynamics of A. guglielmonei.
- Environmental factors structuring the assemblage of aquatic insects in an epigean and hypogean stretch of a Neotropical karst stream(2021-02-01) M. Martins, V.; L. Ferreira, R.The aim of the present study was to identify which variables structure the assemblage of aquatic insects in the subterranean environment, because knowledge about how subterranean communities are structured in rivers with hypogean sections is still emerging. In addition to identifying whether the hypogean assemblage is structured in the same way as the epigean assemblage, we sought to identify whether the environmental restrictions caused by the subterranean habitat resulted in reduced species richness and abundance compared with the epigean habitat. We sampled a 345-m stretch of a stream in Brazil and collected aquatic insects from both the epigean and hypogean environments. In the stream stretch investigated, there was a positive relationship between richness and the percentage of immersion, fine substrate and organic matter, and a negative relationship between richness and conductivity. We also verified differences between the epigean and hypogean environments regarding composition. The variables that best explained the overall assemblage structure included the epigean–hypogean environment and the percentage of coarse and fine substrate. Given the differences between these environments, we emphasise the need for management actions in karst regions that consider the discontinuity of these regions’ river communities to conserve all components of diversity.
- Environmental factors structuring the assemblage of aquatic insects in an epigean and hypogean stretch of a Neotropical karst stream(2021-02-01) M. Martins, V.; L. Ferreira, R.The aim of the present study was to identify which variables structure the assemblage of aquatic insects in the subterranean environment, because knowledge about how subterranean communities are structured in rivers with hypogean sections is still emerging. In addition to identifying whether the hypogean assemblage is structured in the same way as the epigean assemblage, we sought to identify whether the environmental restrictions caused by the subterranean habitat resulted in reduced species richness and abundance compared with the epigean habitat. We sampled a 345-m stretch of a stream in Brazil and collected aquatic insects from both the epigean and hypogean environments. In the stream stretch investigated, there was a positive relationship between richness and the percentage of immersion, fine substrate and organic matter, and a negative relationship between richness and conductivity. We also verified differences between the epigean and hypogean environments regarding composition. The variables that best explained the overall assemblage structure included the epigean–hypogean environment and the percentage of coarse and fine substrate. Given the differences between these environments, we emphasise the need for management actions in karst regions that consider the discontinuity of these regions’ river communities to conserve all components of diversity.
- Epigean and hypogean drivers of Neotropical subterranean communities(2020-10-29) Rabelo, Lucas Mendes; Souza-Silva, Marconi; Ferreira, Rodrigo LopesIn addition to cave size and other subterranean habitat characteristics, cave entrances are important structurers of neotropical cave communities. However, little is known about the epigean ecosystems factors that might dictate the influence of entrances and the relationship among surface and cave communities, as entrance re-gions are ecotonal zones between the epigean and hypogean ecosystems. We aimed to assess the influence of epigean and hypogean factors as potential drivers of inver-tebrate species richness in Neotropical caves as well as the influence of the regional pool of invertebrate diversity on cave invertebrate diversity.
- Erebonyx catacumbae, n. gen. et sp.: a blind, troglobitic cricket from Brazil (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae)(2021) MELLO, FRANCISCO DE A. G. DE; FERREIRA, RODRIGO LOPESErebonyx catacumbae, new genus and species of a troglobitic phalangopsid cricket are described from Brazil. Few specimens were collected from a limestone cave located in the municipality of Campo Formoso, northern State of Bahia, in a semi-arid zone characterized by the Caatinga vegetation. A brief discussion on troglomorphisms is provided, as well as some ecological remarks and potential threats for this species.
- Eukoenenia ibitipoca: the first troglobitic Palpigradi (Arachnida) from a quartzitic cave(2019) SOUZA, MAYSA FERNANDA VILLELA REZENDE; FERREIRA, RODRIGO LOPESAlthough the arachnids of the order Palpigradi are very common in subterranean habitats, no species has yet been recorded from siliciclastic caves. During a survey of cave invertebrates conducted in quartizitic caves in southern Minas Gerais state (Brazil), the occurrence of a new troglobitic palpigrade was revealed. Accordingly, in this paper we describe Eukoenenia ibitipoca sp. nov. which is readily distinguished from most species of this genus by the presence of eight pairs of setae on propeltidium.
- Evolution of litter size in bats and its influence on longevity and roosting ecology(2021-01-12) Siniciato Terra Garbino, Guilherme; Feijó, Anderson; Beltrão-Mendes, Raone; Adriano Da Rocha, PatrícioLitter size varies in mammals, with about half of the species producing at least two offspring per gestation (polytocy). In bats, however, the modal litter size is one (monotocy), and polytocy is restricted to family Vespertilionidae. Here, we reconstruct the evolutionary history of polytocy in chiropterans and use phylogenetically informed regressions to investigate its relationship to roost type, longevity and group size. Our phylogenetic reconstructions suggested that production of multiple offspring was the ancestral condition in family Vespertilionidae. The distribution of monotocy/polytocy in Chiroptera was best explained by a minimum of two evolutionary transitions from monotocy to polytocy and by ≥ 18 transitions from polytocy to monotocy. The regression models showed that longevity and roost type explained the variation in litter size, whereas group size did not. Our analyses also revealed a greater diversity of polytocous bats in the Northern Hemisphere, in both temperate and tropical regions. We suggest that the high resource allocation to reproduction in polytocous bats limited their lifespan. The absence of a relationship between polytocy and group size indicates that the benefits of cooperative breeding surpass the costs of intrasexual competition in bats.
- Fine structure of the epicuticular secretion coat and associatedglands of Pedipalpi and Palpigradi (Arachnida)(2021-04-19) Seiter, Michael; Schwaha, Thomas; Ferreira, Rodrigo L.; Prendini, Lorenzo; Wolff, Jonas O.Pedipalpi Latreille, 1810 is a poorly studied clade of arachnids comprising the whipspiders (Amblypygi Thorell, 1883), short-tailed whip scorpions (SchizomidaPetrunkevitch, 1945) and whip scorpions (Thelyphonida Cambridge, 1872). It hasrecently been shown that whip spiders coat their exoskeleton with a solid cementlayer (cerotegument) that forms elaborate microstructures and turns the cuticle intoa super-hydrophobic state. The amblypygid cerotegument provides taxonomic infor-mation due to its fine structural diversity, but its presence and variation in the sistergroups was previously unknown. The present contribution reports the surface struc-ture of the cuticle in species of Palpigradi, Thelyphonida, and Schizomida to deter-mine if these taxa possess a solid epicuticular secretion coat. Scanning electronmicroscopy revealed that in addition to Amblypygi only species of Thelyphonida pos-sess solid epicuticular secretion layers. Unlike in Amblypygi, in the Thelyphonida thislayer does not usually form microstructures and is less rigidly attached to the under-lying cuticle. A species ofTypopeltisPocock, 1894, which exhibited globular struc-tures analogous to the amblypygid cerotegument, was an exception. Glandularstructures associated with cement secretions in Amblypygi and Thelyphonida wereconsidered homologous due to similar structure. Solid epicuticular secretion coatswere absent from Schizomida, which is interpreted as a secondary loss despite thepresence of slit-like glandular openings that appear to produce such epicuticularsecretions. The micro-whip scorpion order Palpigradi Thorell, 1900 exhibited mark-edly different cuticular surface structures and lacked solid epicuticular secretions,consistent with the hypothesis that this order is not closely related to Pedipalpi.These results enhance the knowledge of the small, enigmatic orders of Arachnida.
- First record of a cavernicolous Kinnaridae from the Old World (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Fulgoromorpha, Kinnaridae, Adolendini) provides testimony of an ancient fauna(2021) Hoch, Hannelore; Sendra, Alberto; Montagud, Sergio; Teruel, Santiago; Ferreira, Rodrigo LopesA new obligately cavernicolous species in the planthopper family Kinnaridae is described from Spain. This is the first record of a cavernicolous kinnarid from the Old World, and the first record of a troglobitic fulgoromorphan hemipteran from mainland Spain, and also the 7th cavernicolous kinnarid species world-wide. Epigean Kinnaridae are not known from the present-day fauna of the Iberian Peninsula nor from Western Europe at large. The new species is regarded as a relict from an ancient fauna which is now ex-tinct. The new cavernicolous species could not be assigned to any of the existing genera, thus a new genus is established. Molecular data (COI barcode sequence) for the new species are presented. For the first time, a detailed description of the nymphal morphology of a kinnarid is provided. Information on its ecology, behaviour, distribution and conservation status is given, and biogeographic implications are discussed.
- Genotyping and molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in thermophilic Campylobacter isolated from poultry breeders and their progeny in Eastern Spain(2020-10) Marin, C.; Sevilla-Navarro, S.; Lonjedo, R.; Catalá-Gregori, P.; Ferrús, M.A.; Vega, S.; Jiménez-Belenguer, A.Thermophilic Campylobacter spp. are recognized as a major cause of acute bacterial diarrhea in humans, with broiler meat being the most common source of human infection. Antibiotic therapy is usually necessary for severe or prolonged infections, especially in immunocompromised populations such as young or elderly individuals. However, different studies have demonstrated a close association between antibiotic use in animal production and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in humans. In this sense, there is social pressure to reduce antibiotic administration and find adequate alternatives to control the presence of bacterial infections in farms. However, there is a lack of information related to Campylobacter AMR dynamics through the entire production system from breeders to their progeny. It is unknown if resistance genes are a result of adaptation through chromosomal mutation or through horizontal gene transfer, instead of vertical transmission of DNA from the parent to their progeny. Thus, the main objectives of this study were to assess the main AMR rates present in a poultry production system, to study the relationship between Campylobacter AMR profiles from breeders and their progeny, and to study the presence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in poultry production. Regarding AMR rates, ciprofloxacin was classified as extremely high, followed by nalidixic acid and tetracyclines that were classified as very high. Moreover, this study demonstrated a relationship between the AMR patterns and genes found from Campylobacter strains isolated in breeders and those present in their progeny.
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