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Item A Integração entre Diferentes Instituições e Setores da Sociedade para o Conhecimento da Biologia e a Conservação do Criticamente Ameaçado Aracuã-guarda-faca (Ortalis remota Pinto, 1960)(Biodiversidade Brasileira, 2023) Aguiar, Albert G. de; Lagos, Adriano R.; Bovo, Alex A. A.; Freitas, Freitas; Gussoni, Carlos O. A.; Silva, Marco A. G.; Bernardo, Matheus A. M.; Franchin, Alexandre G.; Lanna, Rafael Fiúza; Cassani, Rafael; Cardoso, Clarice A. C.; Manzano, Felipe V.; Diniz, Mauro G.; Gomes, Henrique Belfort; Barbosa, Antônio E. A.; Lo, Vincent K.; Ferraz, Katia M. P. M. B.; Develey, Pedro F.O Brasil é um dos países megadiversos reconhecidos pelo Programa das Nações Unidas para o Meio Ambiente (PNUMA). Para preservar essa biodiversidade diversas estratégias têm sido assumidas, e uma das principais vêm das políticas públicas: os planos de ação nacional para a conservação de espécies ameaçadas de extinção (PANs). No PAN das Aves da Mata Atlântica diversos atores participam do planejamento e na execução das ações para a conservação de diversas espécies ameaçadas que ocorrem no bioma, como o aracuã-guarda-faca(Ortalis remota, Pinto, 1960), criticamente ameaçado em nível nacional. Para garantir a conservação dessa espécie, órgãos ambientais, empresas privadas, organizações não-governamentais e universidades uniram esforços para realizar estudos sobre sua distribuição, o que gerou um modelo de distribuição usado para buscas por novas populações e, que permitiu também a priorização das áreas destinadas à conservação da espécie. Este trabalho resultou na identificação de 266 indivíduos restritos às florestas ripárias remanescentes, aumentando a população conhecida da espécie para 13 municípios, exclusivos ao estado de São Paulo. Além das informações obtidas que irão embasar novas ações para promover a conservação do aracuã-guarda-faca, este estudo mostra a importância da integração dos diferentes setores da sociedade para efetivação dos PANsItem Áreas Estratégicas para a Conservação de Aves Limícolas na Costa Brasileira(Revista Costas, 2022) Paludo, Danielle; Marcelino, Ana Maria Teixeira; Telino Júnior, Wallace Rodrigues; Perello, Luis Fernando; Petry, Maria Virginia; Mobley, Jason Alan; Arantes, Murilo SergioAs aves limícolas contemplam diversas espécies associadas às áreas úmidas, muitas das quais migratórias, que são extre-mamente dependentes da Zona Costeira. Concentram-se nos ambientes costeiros para descanso e forrageio durante o seu ciclo migratório, ou para reprodução no caso das espécies residentes. O desenvolvimento das atividades socioeconô-micas no litoral vem resultando em ameaças às aves e na degradação dos seus habitats, levando ao declínio populacional acentuado de muitas espécies. Diferentes esforços internacionais e nacionais vêm buscando incluir ações para a sua conservação no planejamento territorial. No Brasil o Plano Nacional para a Conservação (PAN) das Aves Limícolas Migratórias identificou 43 áreas estratégicas para atuação prioritária até o ano de 2024, período do seu segundo ciclo de implementação. Neste trabalho propomos que as áreas estratégicas sejam especialmente consideradas no Plano Nacional de Gerenciamento Costeiro e nos Planos de Gestão Integrada. Descrevemos o histórico do PAN e critérios que levaram à identificação das áreas. Apresentamos as áreas estratégicas, contextualizando-as quanto à sua localização e principais ameaças. Defendemos a reunião de diferentes instrumentos de planejamento e políticas públicas que incidem sobre a conservação das aves e da zona costeira para destacar confluências e a pertinência da integração dos diversos planeja-mentos. Por fim recomendamos um conjunto de iniciativas que podem resultar em ganhos não somente para as aves limícolas mas também para toda a sociedade que usufrui dos serviços ecossistêmicos decorrentes de um território bem gerido sob o ponto de vista ambiental.Item Interactive Machine Learning Solutions for Acoustic Monitoring of Animal Wildlife in Biosphere Reserves(2023) Gouvêa, Thiago S.; Kath, Hannes; Troshani, Ilira; Luers, Bengt; Serafini, Patricia Pereira; Campos, Ivan B.; Afonso, Andre S.; Leandro, Sergio M. F. M.; Swanepoel, Lourens; Theron, Nicholas; Swemmer, Anthony M.; Sonntag, DanielBiodiversity loss is taking place at accelerated rates globally, and a business-as-usual trajectory will lead to missing internationally established conservation goals. Biosphere reserves are sites designed to be of global signifcance in terms of both the biodiversity within them and their potential for sustainable development, and are therefore ideal places for the development of local solutions to global challenges. While the protection of biodiversity is a primary goal of biosphere reserves, adequate information on the state and trends of biodiversity remains a critical gap for adaptive management in biosphere reserves. Passive acous tic monitoring (PAM) is an increasingly popular method for continued, reproducible, scalable, and cost-effective monitoring of animal wildlife. PAM adoption is on the rise, but its data management and analysis requirements pose a barrier for adoption for most agencies tasked with monitoring biodiversity. As an interdisciplinary team of machine learn ing scientists and ecologists experienced with PAM and working at biosphere reserves in marine and terrestrial ecosystems on three different continents, we report on the co-development of interactive machine learning tools for semi-automated assessment of animal wildlife.- Considerações de biossegurança para atividades de campo (Reabilitação de Procellariiformes (albatrozes, petréis e pardelas))(Comunnicar, 2020) Serafini, Patricia Pereira
- Principais enfermidades (Reabilitação de Procellariiformes (albatrozes, petréis e pardelas))(Comunnicar, 2020) Vanstreels, R. E. T.; Serafini, Patrícia Pereira; Uhart, Marcela
Item West Nile Virus in the State of Ceará, Northeast Brazil(Microorganisms, 2021) Chalhoub, Flávia L. L. et alIn June 2019, a horse with neurological disorder was diagnosed with West Nile virus (WNV) in Boa Viagem, a municipality in the state of Ceará, northeast Brazil. A multi-institutional task force coordinated by the Brazilian Ministry of Health was deployed to the area for case investigation. A total of 513 biological samples from 78 humans, 157 domestic animals and 278 free-ranging wild birds, as well as 853 adult mosquitoes of 22 species were tested for WNV by highly specific serological and/or molecular tests. No active circulation of WNV was detected in vertebrates or mosquitoes by molecular methods. Previous exposure to WNV was confirmed by seroconversion in domestic birds and by the detection of specific neutralizing antibodies in 44% (11/25) of equids, 20.9% (14/67) of domestic birds, 4.7% (13/278) of free-ranging wild birds, 2.6% (2/78) of humans, and 1.5% (1/65) of small ruminants. Results indicate that not only equines but also humans and different species of domestic animals and wild birds were locally exposed to WNV. The detection of neutralizing antibodies for WNV in free-ranging individuals of abundant passerine species suggests that birds commonly found in the region may have been involved as amplifying hosts in local transmission cycles of WNV.Item Assessing the potential of acoustic indices for protected area monitoring in the Serra do Cipó National Park, Brazil(Ecological Indicators, 2021) Campos, Ivan Braga; Fewster, Rachel; Truskinger, Anthony; Towsey, Michael; Roe, Paul; Vasques Filho, Demival; Lee, Willian; Gaskett, AnneProtected areas (PAs) monitoring is a technical bottleneck that limits the implementation of decision-making processes for natural resource and wildlife management. Recent methodological advances make passive acous tic monitoring and associated acoustic index analysis an increasingly suitable method for PAs monitoring. Acoustic indices are mathematical filters that can provide standardised comparative information about the acoustic energy, which can be applied to compare communities. In this study we test whether acoustic indices are sufficiently sensitive to detect differences in the soundscape within each of the four seasons between a PA (the Serra do Cipó National Park, Brazil) and a surrounding farmland area. Statistical analysis of results from 12 acoustic indices is used to identify which of 20 acoustic regions, defined by frequency range and time period, present the greatest differences between the two sites. The soundscapes of the two sites differed most in autumn within the acoustic region 6, representing 05:30 – 09:00am and a range of 0.988–3.609 kHz. This acoustic region exhibited significant differences for all the 12 indices tested. Visual examination of 65 long-duration false-colour (LDFC) spectrograms resulted in the selection of 865 (from 1365) sound files with acoustic events within the range of acoustic region 6. Sonotype analysis of the 865 files showed that the soundscape outside the park is strongly influenced by human activity, with domestic animals rare in the park soundscape (1% of the sound files), but very common in the surrounding farmland environment (63% of the sound files). The main goal of monitoring programmes detecting biodiversity trends across space and time, which is here achieved via passive acoustic monitoring and acoustic indices. This confirms the utility of the techniques used here for PA monitoring, especially for detecting trends in anthropogenic disturbance, which is a common threat to natural habitats in parks and reserves in the tropics.Item Remaining suitable areas for the critically endangered Brazilian Merganser (Mergus octosetaceus; Aves, Anseriformes) are threatened by hydroelectric power plants(Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation, 2021) Bovo, Alex Augusto Abreu; Ferraz, Katia Maria P. M. de Barros; Ribeiro, Flávia; Lins, Lívia Vanucci; Barbosa, Marcelo de Oliveira; Previdente, Fernando Henrique; Disconzi, Gislaine M.S.; Sebaio, Fabiane; Antas, Paulo de Tarso Zuquim; Guaraldo, André de Camargo; Resende, Alexandre; Lagos, Adriano Rodrigues; Barbosa, Antônio Eduardo Araujo; Silveira, Luís FábioThe critically endangered Brazilian Merganser Mergus octosetaceus is one of the rarest waterfowls in the world. Only three isolated populations remain in the Brazilian Cerrado, totaling less than 250 individuals. We evaluated the potential influence of small hydroelectric plants (SHPs) and ProtectedAreas (PAs) on the species conservation. We identified suitable areas by using recent presence records and environmental predictors, and overlapped it with the species dispersion zone and the SHP impact zone. Suitable areas for the species are limited to 4% of the geographic space (142,899 km2). Within the dispersion zone, we found 36 planned SHPs, which can impact 4.1% of the suitable area and 17.2% of the suitable area inside PAs. Our results expose the critical situation of the Brazilian Merganser, with few isolated suitable areas, high potential impacts for the three known populations, and a high proportion of suitable areas out of PAs. We highlight the need of considering SHPs impacts on the Brazilian Merganser in environmental impact assessment studies to reduce them. Furthermore, we appointed areas for search of new populations, and emphasize how urgent the implementation of effective conservation actions aiming to protect the remaining suitable habitats for the Brazilian Merganser is.Item Distance sampling surveys reveal 17 million vertebrates directly killed by the 2020’s wildfres in the Pantanal, Brazil(Scientifc Reports, 2021) Tomas, Walfrido Moraes; Berlinck, Christian Niel; Chiaravalloti, Rafael Morais; Faggioni, Gabriel Paganini; Strüssmann, Christine; Libonati, Renata; Abrahão, Carlos Roberto; Alvarenga, Gabriela do Valle; Bacellar, Ana Elisa de Faria; Batista, Flávia Regina de Queiroz; Bornato, Thainan Silva; Camilo, André Restel; Castedo, Judite; Fernando, Adriana Maria Espinóza; Freitas, Gabriel Oliveira de; Garcia, Carolina Martins; Gonçalves, Henrique Santos; Guilherme, Mariella Butti de Freitas; Layme, Viviane Maria Guedes; Lustosa, Ana Paula Gomes; Oliveira, Ailton Carneiro De; Oliveira, Maxwell da Rosa; Pereira, Alexandre de Matos Martins; Rodrigues, Julia Abrantes; Semedo, Thiago Borges Fernandes; Souza, Rafael Augusto Ducel de; Tortato, Fernando Rodrigo; Viana, Diego Francis Passos; Vicente‑Silva, Luciana; Morato, RonaldoAnthropogenic factors have signifcantly infuenced the frequency, duration, and intensity of meteorological drought in many regions of the globe, and the increased frequency of wildfres is among the most visible consequences of human-induced climate change. Despite the fre role in determining biodiversity outcomes in diferent ecosystems, wildfres can cause negative impacts on wildlife. We conducted ground surveys along line transects to estimate the frst-order impact of the 2020 wildfres on vertebrates in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil. We adopted the distance sampling technique to estimate the densities and the number of dead vertebrates in the 39,030 square kilometers afected by fre. Our estimates indicate that at least 16.952 million vertebrates were killed immediately by the fres in the Pantanal, demonstrating the impact of such an event in wet savanna ecosystems. The Pantanal case also reminds us that the cumulative impact of widespread burning would be catastrophic, as fre recurrence may lead to the impoverishment of ecosystems and the disruption of their functioning. To overcome this unsustainable scenario, it is necessary to establish proper biomass fuel management to avoid cumulative impacts caused by fre over biodiversity and ecosystem services.Item Wild dogs at stake: deforestation threatens the only Amazon endemic canid, the short-eared dog (Atelocynus microtis)(Royal Society Open Science, 2020) Rocha, Daniel G.; Ferraz, Katia Maria P. M. de Barros; Gonçalves, Lucas; Tan, Cedric Kai Wei; Lemos, Frederico G.; Ortiz, Carolina; Peres, Carlos A.; Negrões, Nuno; Antunes, André Pinassi; Rohe, Fabio; Abrahams, Mark; Zapata-Rios, Galo; Teles, Davi; Oliveira, Tadeu; Mühlen, Eduardo M. von; Venticinque, Eduardo; Gräbin, Diogo M.; Mosquera, Diego; Blake, John; Guimarães, Marcela; Lima, Moreira; Sampaio, Ricardo; Percequillo, Alexandre Reis; Peters, Felipe; Payán, Esteban; Borges, Luiz Henrique M.; Calouro, Armando Muniz; Endo, Whaldener; Pitman, Renata Leite; Haugaasen, Torbjørn; Silva, Diego AfonsoThe persistent high deforestation rate and fragmentation of the Amazon forests are the main threats to their biodiversity. To anticipate and mitigate these threats, it is important to understand and predict how species respond to the rapidly changing landscape. The short-eared dog Atelocynus microtis is the only Amazon-endemic canid and one of the most understudied wild dogs worldwide. We investigated short-eared dog habitat associations on two spatial scales. First, we used the largest record database ever compiled for short-eared dogs in combination with species distribution models to map species habitat suitability, estimate its distribution range and predict shifts in species distribution in response to predicted deforestation across the entire Amazon (regional scale). Second, we used systematic camera trap surveys and occupancy models to investigate how forest cover and forest fragmentation affect the space use of this species in the Southern Brazilian Amazon (local scale). Species distribution models suggested that the short-eared dog potentially occurs over an extensive and continuous area, through most of the Amazon region south of the Amazon River. However, approximately 30% of the short-eared dog’s current distribution is expected to be lost or suffer sharp declines in habitat suitability by 2027 (within three generations) due to forest loss. This proportion might reach 40% of the species distribution in unprotected areas and exceed 60% in some interfluves (i.e. portions of land separated by large rivers) of the Amazon basin. Our local-scale analysis indicated that the presence of forest positively affected short-eared dog space use, while the density of forest edges had a negative effect. Beyond shedding light on the ecology of the short-eared dog and refining its distribution range, our results stress that forest loss poses a serious threat to the conservation of the species in a short time frame. Hence, we propose a re- assessment of the short-eared dog’s current IUCN Red List status (Near Threatened) based on findings presented here. Our study exemplifies how data can be integrated across sources and modelling procedures to improve our knowledge of relatively understudied species.
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