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Item A Integração entre Diferentes Instituições e Setores da Sociedade para o Conhecimento da Biologia e a Conservação do Criticamente Ameaçado Aracuã-guarda-faca (Ortalis remota Pinto, 1960)(Biodiversidade Brasileira, 2023) Aguiar, Albert G. de; Lagos, Adriano R.; Bovo, Alex A. A.; Freitas, Freitas; Gussoni, Carlos O. A.; Silva, Marco A. G.; Bernardo, Matheus A. M.; Franchin, Alexandre G.; Lanna, Rafael Fiúza; Cassani, Rafael; Cardoso, Clarice A. C.; Manzano, Felipe V.; Diniz, Mauro G.; Gomes, Henrique Belfort; Barbosa, Antônio E. A.; Lo, Vincent K.; Ferraz, Katia M. P. M. B.; Develey, Pedro F.O Brasil é um dos países megadiversos reconhecidos pelo Programa das Nações Unidas para o Meio Ambiente (PNUMA). Para preservar essa biodiversidade diversas estratégias têm sido assumidas, e uma das principais vêm das políticas públicas: os planos de ação nacional para a conservação de espécies ameaçadas de extinção (PANs). No PAN das Aves da Mata Atlântica diversos atores participam do planejamento e na execução das ações para a conservação de diversas espécies ameaçadas que ocorrem no bioma, como o aracuã-guarda-faca(Ortalis remota, Pinto, 1960), criticamente ameaçado em nível nacional. Para garantir a conservação dessa espécie, órgãos ambientais, empresas privadas, organizações não-governamentais e universidades uniram esforços para realizar estudos sobre sua distribuição, o que gerou um modelo de distribuição usado para buscas por novas populações e, que permitiu também a priorização das áreas destinadas à conservação da espécie. Este trabalho resultou na identificação de 266 indivíduos restritos às florestas ripárias remanescentes, aumentando a população conhecida da espécie para 13 municípios, exclusivos ao estado de São Paulo. Além das informações obtidas que irão embasar novas ações para promover a conservação do aracuã-guarda-faca, este estudo mostra a importância da integração dos diferentes setores da sociedade para efetivação dos PANsItem Staphylococcus sciuri as a Reservoir of mecA to Staphylococcus aureus in Non-Migratory Seabirds from a Remote Oceanic Island(Microbial Drug Resistance, 2021) Saraiva, Mauro de Mesquita Souza; de Leon, Candice Maria Cardoso Gomes; Silva, Núbia Michelle Vieira da; Raso, Tânia Freitas; Serafini, Patricia Pereira; Givisiez, Patricia Emilia Naves; Gebreyes, Wondwossen Abebe; Oliveira, Celso José Bruno deAim: Genomic analysis of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain cultured from a non-migratory seabird at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Brazilian oceanic islands) was carried out to investigate the potential origin of MRSA genetic determinants in an ecological setting with minimal or absent antimicrobial selective pressure, and minimal interaction with humans and domestic animals. Results: The study determined mecA gene homology and the phylogenetic relatedness with mecA described in Staphylococcus sciuri, which was the major Staphylococcus spp. cultured from the birds. Our findings corroborate in silico assumptions that the mecA gene in MRSA strains clinically relevant for humans and animals originates from S. sciuri ancestors. Conclusion: Coagulase-negative staphylococci seem to be natural reservoirs of methicillin-resistant genes to S. aureus, even in environments with very low antimicrobial selection pressure.Item Spix’s Macaw Cyanopsitta spixii (Wagler, 1832) population viability analysis(Bird Conservation International, 2023) Vercillo, Ugo; Oliveira-Santos, Luiz Gustavo; Novaes, Marisa; Purchase, Cromwell; Purchase, Candice; Lugarini, Camile; Ferreira, Ariane; De Marco, Paulo; Marcuk, Vladislav; Franco, José LuisSpix’s Macaw Cyanopsitta spixii is one of the most endangered Neotropical Psittacidae species. Extinct in the wild in the year 2000, in June 2022 the first cohort of C. spixii was reintroduced to its original habitat. For a successful reintroduction of the species, it is necessary to examine the viability of the population against natural and external threats and the environmental requirements for success. Thus, this paper presents a “Population Viability Analysis” (PVA) for Spix’s Macaw. It used the Vortex and RangeShiftR software, biological and environmental data from a bibliographic survey, and information provided by the field team responsible for the reintroduction of the species, and who work directly with the species in captivity. We found that the minimum viable population (MVP) for reintro duction of the species is 20 individuals. However, considering the impact of disease, drought, hunting, and illegal trafficking, this population can only persist if the release of individuals from captivity occurs annually over the next 20 years combined with the reforestation of natural habitat to support population growth.Item Áreas Estratégicas para a Conservação de Aves Limícolas na Costa Brasileira(Revista Costas, 2022) Paludo, Danielle; Marcelino, Ana Maria Teixeira; Telino Júnior, Wallace Rodrigues; Perello, Luis Fernando; Petry, Maria Virginia; Mobley, Jason Alan; Arantes, Murilo SergioAs aves limícolas contemplam diversas espécies associadas às áreas úmidas, muitas das quais migratórias, que são extre-mamente dependentes da Zona Costeira. Concentram-se nos ambientes costeiros para descanso e forrageio durante o seu ciclo migratório, ou para reprodução no caso das espécies residentes. O desenvolvimento das atividades socioeconô-micas no litoral vem resultando em ameaças às aves e na degradação dos seus habitats, levando ao declínio populacional acentuado de muitas espécies. Diferentes esforços internacionais e nacionais vêm buscando incluir ações para a sua conservação no planejamento territorial. No Brasil o Plano Nacional para a Conservação (PAN) das Aves Limícolas Migratórias identificou 43 áreas estratégicas para atuação prioritária até o ano de 2024, período do seu segundo ciclo de implementação. Neste trabalho propomos que as áreas estratégicas sejam especialmente consideradas no Plano Nacional de Gerenciamento Costeiro e nos Planos de Gestão Integrada. Descrevemos o histórico do PAN e critérios que levaram à identificação das áreas. Apresentamos as áreas estratégicas, contextualizando-as quanto à sua localização e principais ameaças. Defendemos a reunião de diferentes instrumentos de planejamento e políticas públicas que incidem sobre a conservação das aves e da zona costeira para destacar confluências e a pertinência da integração dos diversos planeja-mentos. Por fim recomendamos um conjunto de iniciativas que podem resultar em ganhos não somente para as aves limícolas mas também para toda a sociedade que usufrui dos serviços ecossistêmicos decorrentes de um território bem gerido sob o ponto de vista ambiental.Item Similar regional‑scale survival of tropical and southern temperate birds from the New World(Oecologia, 2023) França, Leonardo Fernandes; Silva, Clarisse Caroline de Oliveira e; Pinho, João Batista de; Prestes, Nêmora Pauletti; Cueto, Victor R.; Alves, Maria Alice S.; Schunck, Fabio; Fontana, Carla Suertegaray; Lugarini, Camile; Martinez, Jaime; Sagario, M. Cecilia; Casenave, Javier Lopez de; Vecchi, Maurício B.; Repenning, Márcio; Ferreira, Ariane; Dias, Raphael Igor; Passos, Daniel CunhaThe general assumption that the survival patterns of tropical and southern temperate birds are similar lacks empirical data from higher latitudes. Regional comparisons of New World species are rare, and this assumption has been based on data from African studies. Here, we estimate the survival rates of 88 tropical and southern temperate bird populations (69 spe cies) from eight localities in South America to evaluate the hypothesis that the survival of these populations is homogeneous at the regional scale. We estimated survival based on the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model and compared values from diferent environments. The survival estimates ranged from 0.30 to 0.80 (0.56±0.12). Apparent survival did not difer signifcantly between low-latitude tropical environments (03°S) and the other sites from high-latitudes (between 22° and 34°S). Despite a predicted positive trend, body size was not signifcantly related to survival among passerines. On the other hand, phyloge netic relationships explained more than a third of the variation in bird survival. Based on the largest available database on South American bird species, our fndings support the hypothesis that bird survival is homogeneous, at the regional scale, along the southern hemisphere. In particular, we reinforce the hypothesis that climatic variation has a limited infuence on bird survival in the southern hemisphere.Item Interactive Machine Learning Solutions for Acoustic Monitoring of Animal Wildlife in Biosphere Reserves(2023) Gouvêa, Thiago S.; Kath, Hannes; Troshani, Ilira; Luers, Bengt; Serafini, Patricia Pereira; Campos, Ivan B.; Afonso, Andre S.; Leandro, Sergio M. F. M.; Swanepoel, Lourens; Theron, Nicholas; Swemmer, Anthony M.; Sonntag, DanielBiodiversity loss is taking place at accelerated rates globally, and a business-as-usual trajectory will lead to missing internationally established conservation goals. Biosphere reserves are sites designed to be of global signifcance in terms of both the biodiversity within them and their potential for sustainable development, and are therefore ideal places for the development of local solutions to global challenges. While the protection of biodiversity is a primary goal of biosphere reserves, adequate information on the state and trends of biodiversity remains a critical gap for adaptive management in biosphere reserves. Passive acous tic monitoring (PAM) is an increasingly popular method for continued, reproducible, scalable, and cost-effective monitoring of animal wildlife. PAM adoption is on the rise, but its data management and analysis requirements pose a barrier for adoption for most agencies tasked with monitoring biodiversity. As an interdisciplinary team of machine learn ing scientists and ecologists experienced with PAM and working at biosphere reserves in marine and terrestrial ecosystems on three different continents, we report on the co-development of interactive machine learning tools for semi-automated assessment of animal wildlife.Item Terrestrial invasive species on Fernando de Noronha archipelago: What we know and the way forward (Invasive species: Ecology, impacts and potential uses)(Nova Science Publishers, 2020) Micheletti, Tatiane; et al.- Considerações de biossegurança para atividades de campo (Reabilitação de Procellariiformes (albatrozes, petréis e pardelas))(Comunnicar, 2020) Serafini, Patricia Pereira
- Principais enfermidades (Reabilitação de Procellariiformes (albatrozes, petréis e pardelas))(Comunnicar, 2020) Vanstreels, R. E. T.; Serafini, Patrícia Pereira; Uhart, Marcela
Item Intentional killing and extensive aggressive handling of albatrosses and petrels at sea in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean(Biological Conservation, 2020) Dimas, Gianuca; Bugoni, Leandro; Jiménez, Sebastián; Daudt, Nicholas W.; Miller, Philip; Canani, Gabriel; Silva-Costa, Augusto; Faria, Fernando A.; Bastida, Julian; Pon, Juan Pablo Seco; Yates, Oli; Serafini, Patrícia P.; Bond, Alexander L.Large Procellariiformes (albatrosses and petrels) constitute a highly threatened group of birds, for which bycatch in fisheries is the most prevalent threat. At-sea intentional killing and post-capture, handling-related injuries, remain poorly understood menaces. Here, we report fishermen off southern Brazil trying to reduce bait depredation in pole-and-line and handlining fisheries by hitting birds with a metal piece attached to a pole-and-line on four occasions. Fishermen also mutilated or killed birds caught alive on the lines (aggressive handling). In addition, we present a compilation of records of Procellariiformes with bill mutilations across the southwest Atlantic Ocean. Related to the intentional killing events, 16 birds of four species (two globally threatened) were recorded dead (n = 13) or injured (n = 3) with head trauma, broken limbs, wounds or bill mutilation. Observations spanning 1999–2019 across the waters of Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina totalize 46 Procellariiformes of eight species (four globally threatened) recorded with bill mutilations (29 alive and 17 dead). Mutilations were likely caused by aggressive handling of birds caught alive, potentially in Brazilian hook-and-line fisheries or in demersal and pelagic longline fisheries across the southwest Atlantic. Observations of deliberate killing from multiple vessels and the recurrent records of mutilated birds suggest those practices represent pervasive but largely undocumented threats to seabirds and could complicate the detection of fishery-related population effects. Coordinated actions by international bodies and national authorities are urgently needed to address this threat, including increasing at-sea observation, enforcement actions and campaigns targeting better handling practices among fishermen.