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URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://bdc.icmbio.gov.br/handle/cecav/1412
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Item Spix’s Macaw Cyanopsitta spixii (Wagler, 1832) population viability analysis(Bird Conservation International, 2023) Vercillo, Ugo; Oliveira-Santos, Luiz Gustavo; Novaes, Marisa; Purchase, Cromwell; Purchase, Candice; Lugarini, Camile; Ferreira, Ariane; De Marco, Paulo; Marcuk, Vladislav; Franco, José LuisSpix’s Macaw Cyanopsitta spixii is one of the most endangered Neotropical Psittacidae species. Extinct in the wild in the year 2000, in June 2022 the first cohort of C. spixii was reintroduced to its original habitat. For a successful reintroduction of the species, it is necessary to examine the viability of the population against natural and external threats and the environmental requirements for success. Thus, this paper presents a “Population Viability Analysis” (PVA) for Spix’s Macaw. It used the Vortex and RangeShiftR software, biological and environmental data from a bibliographic survey, and information provided by the field team responsible for the reintroduction of the species, and who work directly with the species in captivity. We found that the minimum viable population (MVP) for reintro duction of the species is 20 individuals. However, considering the impact of disease, drought, hunting, and illegal trafficking, this population can only persist if the release of individuals from captivity occurs annually over the next 20 years combined with the reforestation of natural habitat to support population growth.Item Similar regional‑scale survival of tropical and southern temperate birds from the New World(Oecologia, 2023) França, Leonardo Fernandes; Silva, Clarisse Caroline de Oliveira e; Pinho, João Batista de; Prestes, Nêmora Pauletti; Cueto, Victor R.; Alves, Maria Alice S.; Schunck, Fabio; Fontana, Carla Suertegaray; Lugarini, Camile; Martinez, Jaime; Sagario, M. Cecilia; Casenave, Javier Lopez de; Vecchi, Maurício B.; Repenning, Márcio; Ferreira, Ariane; Dias, Raphael Igor; Passos, Daniel CunhaThe general assumption that the survival patterns of tropical and southern temperate birds are similar lacks empirical data from higher latitudes. Regional comparisons of New World species are rare, and this assumption has been based on data from African studies. Here, we estimate the survival rates of 88 tropical and southern temperate bird populations (69 spe cies) from eight localities in South America to evaluate the hypothesis that the survival of these populations is homogeneous at the regional scale. We estimated survival based on the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model and compared values from diferent environments. The survival estimates ranged from 0.30 to 0.80 (0.56±0.12). Apparent survival did not difer signifcantly between low-latitude tropical environments (03°S) and the other sites from high-latitudes (between 22° and 34°S). Despite a predicted positive trend, body size was not signifcantly related to survival among passerines. On the other hand, phyloge netic relationships explained more than a third of the variation in bird survival. Based on the largest available database on South American bird species, our fndings support the hypothesis that bird survival is homogeneous, at the regional scale, along the southern hemisphere. In particular, we reinforce the hypothesis that climatic variation has a limited infuence on bird survival in the southern hemisphere.Item Free-living birds from Caatinga and Atlantic Forest of northeast Brazil as hosts of Enterobacterales, Mycoplasma spp., and Chlamydia psittaci(Ornithology Research, 2021) Lugarini, Camile; Silva, Luana T. R.; Amorim, Marcus M. R. de; Lima, Débora C. V. de; Santos, Sandra B.; Saidenberg, André B.Apparently healthy birds in protected areas in northeastern Brazil were investigated, whether shedding bacterial pathogens to the environment. We determined whether pathogens varied according to the level of the shared habitat human of each protected area, the type of vegetation, hosts’ group and different history traits as migration and foraging behavior, body mass, and sensitivity to human impacts. In addition, we also investigated whether the protected areas were preserving the wildlife from antibiotic-resistant bacteria. For that, oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected from 507 individuals of 91 species. In the culture-dependent method, most of the bacterial isolates belonged to Enterobacterales, with the highest frequency of Klebsiella aerogenes (20.5%) and Escherichia coli (19.3%). There was no relationship between Enterobacterales occurrence according to the type of vegetation, hosts’ group and history traits as foraging behavior (foraging stratum and main trophic category), and body mass, and there was a low association between the protected area and Enterobacterales (φ = 0.17). For Mycoplasma, 10.8% of PCR-tested individuals were positive, with high variation among sampled families, but none of them was positive for M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae. The protected area closer to human settlements presented more resistant isolates to broad-spectrum antibiotics gentamicin (φ = 0.45) and tetracycline (φ = 0.37) and also presented the two positive samples to primary pathogenic Chlamydia psittaci. The birds in the sampled protected areas may host and spread potentially pathogenic microorganisms as C. psittaci and Citrobacter freundii in low frequency in balanced co-existence of host/parasite. However, antibiotic-resistant Enterobacterales in protected areas might represent an impact on its bird populations and on the conservation of the environment.Item Lack of detection of avian influenza, Newcastle disease, and West Nile viruses in wild birds of northeastern Brazil(Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2018) Lugarini, Camile; Hurtado, Renata; Araujo, Jansen de; Ometto, Tatiana; Thomazelli, Luciano; Seixas, Marina de; Durigon, Edison; Silva, Jean CarlosWe tested 529 wild birds captured in northeastern Brazil for infection by avian influenza, Newcastle disease, and West Nile. Viruses were not detected by real-time PCR with the exception of one Tropical Gnatcatcher (Polioptila plumbea) positive for influenza virus, but this could not be confirmed by viral isolation or gene sequencing. Avian influenza viruses (AIVs), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and West Nile virus (WNV) are significant to animal and public health and may be relevant to the conservation of wild birds worldwide. Despite their importance, few studies of these viruses in wild birds have been conducted in Brazil. The AIV (Orthomyxoviridae) are a global threat to food animal production and distribution systems, as well as to human health, and have been detected in a broad variety of mammals and birds (Salomon and Webster 2009). Aquatic birds are traditionally perceived as the main reservoirs of these viruses; however, recent studies have shown that AIV maintenance is dependent upon complex multiavian systems (Caron et al. 2017). There have been relatively few studies about AIV in Brazil, and to date, only low-pathogenicity AIV strains have been isolated, including an H2N1 strain from a Semipalmated Sandpiper (Calidris pusilla), an H3 strain from a Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres), a Kelp Gull (Larus dominicanus), and a Semipalmated Sandpiper, and an H11N9 strain from Ruddy Turnstones (Hurtado and Vanstreels 2016). The NDV (Paramyxoviridae), a variant of avian paramyxovirus 1, is classified as either lentogenic, mesogenic, or velogenic. It is one of the most important viruses of avian species globally, with outbreaks potentially leading to substantial economic losses to the poultry industry. Newcastle disease virus was first introduced to Brazil in 1953, and a series of outbreaks was recorded in Brazil during the 1970s and 1980s. It was only in 2003, after stricter control measures and extensive vacci nation campaigns of poultry with attenuated strains were implemented, that the country was recognized as free of pathogenic NDV strains (Orsi et al. 2010). However, serologic studies demonstrate more recent circulation of lentogenic NDV strains in wild and domestic birds (Silva et al. 2006). Lentogenic NDV was detected by real-time PCR in a Sanderling (Calidris alba) and a Semipalmat ed Sandpiper in northeastern Brazil in 2007 (Thomazelli et al. 2012). The WNV (Flaviviridae) is a mosquito borne virus maintained in nature in an enzootic transmission cycle between birds and ornithophilic mosquitoes that infect a range of vertebrate hosts and may have a high impact on human and animal health (McLean and Ubico 2007). Serologic surveys in Brazil have identified equids and chickens seropositive for WNV, but not wild birds, and no studies have obtained positive results in equine and avian hosts through direct diagnostic methods (Ometto et al. 2013). However, the first human case of WNV encephalitis in the country was recorded in 2014 in Piauı State, highlighting the importance of surveillance of the virus in northeastern Brazil (Vieira et al. 2015). In this study, we investigated the occurrence of AIV, NDV, and WNV in wild birds in two morphoclimatic domains in northeastern Brazil: Caatinga and Atlantic Forest. The Caatinga is in a semiarid region with a hot and dry climate, composed of a mosaic of thorn scrub and seasonally dry forest; it harbors about 510 avian species (Silva et al. 2003). The Atlantic Forest is an extensive block of evergreen forests that extend mostly along the coast of Brazil and parts of Paraguay and Argentina, harboring about 620 avian species, of which 29% are endemic (Myers et al. 2000). Despite their remarkable biodiver sity, Caatinga and the northeastern parts of Atlantic Forest have been largely neglected by the scientific community and are underprotected (Silva et al. 2003; Tabarelli et al. 2010), and there is virtually no information on the circulation of AIV, NDV, and WNV in the avian communities of these habitats. From July 2012 to July 2013, oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected from 529 wild birds (adults and juveniles) from 89 species belonging to 26 families in two protected areas: Guaribas Biological Reserve, an area of coastal Atlantic Forest in Paraıba State (6º43'010''S, 35º11'6''W), and Raso da Catarina a Ecological Station, an area of Caatinga in Bahia State (9º45'47''S, 38º31'26''W. Sampling and sample storage were conducted in accordance with the protocol of Hurtado et al. (2016). All RNAs were extracted using 5x MagMAXe 96 viral isolation kit (AM1836, Applied Biosystems, ThermoFisher Scientific, Foster City, California, USA) following the manufacturer’s instructions. Methodology for viral nucleic acid detection, virus isolation, and sequencing is described by Araujo et al. (2014) for AIV, Thomazelli et al. (2012) for NDV, and Ometto et al. (2013) for WNV. All samples were negative for NDV and WNV, and all but one sample were negative for AIV. The only AIV positive result was obtained from an adult female of Tropical Gnatcatcher (Polioptila plumbea) captured at Raso da Catarina Ecological Station in April 2013 that appeared healthy. The cycle thresh old (CT) value for this sample was 38, which indicates a relatively low concentration of viral RNA. The positive sample was inoculated into 9-d-old specific-pathogen free embryonated chicken eggs; Sanger sequencing of a con served region of 192 base pairs of genomic nonstructural segment was attempted for the PCR-positive sample (Araujo et al. 2014). We could not retrieve AIV by these methods and it was concluded that the sample was negative. This was not surprising, as it is well established that these techniques have limited success when applied to samples with high CT values due to the low quantity of viable virions or the partial degradation of viral RNA (Stallknecht et al. 2012; Hurtado et al. 2016). We were therefore unable to confirm active shedding of AIV, NDV, or WNV in the birds sampled. This does not exclude the circulation of these viruses in the region, as the prevalence of these viruses may vary temporally. Hurtado et al. (2016) reported that, with few exceptions, real-time PCR-positive results were obtained only for species with .100 sampled individuals, possibly an indication that the species sampled in this study may also have been infected but the sample size was too small to allow for detection. In conclusion, Brazil harbors highly diverse avian communities that remain poorly studied for these viruses. Further surveillance efforts to detect these and other avian-borne viruses are therefore necessary, particularly in areas of high avian diversity and endemism.Item An overview of migratory birds in Brazil(Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 2018) Somenzari, Marina; Amaral, Priscilla Prudente do; Cueto, Victor R.; Guaraldo, André de Camargo; Jahn, Alex E.; Lima, Diego Mendes; Lima, Pedro Cerqueira; Lugarini, Camile; Machado, Caio Graco; Martinez, Jaime; Nascimento, João Luiz Xavier do; Pacheco, José Fernando; Paludo, Danielle; Prestes, Nêmora Pauletti; Serafini, Patrícia Pereira; Silveira, Luís Fábio; Sousa, Antônio Emanuel B. A. de; Sousa, Nathália Alves de; Souza, Manuella Andrade de; Telino-Júnior, Wallace Rodrigues; Whitney, Bret MyersWe reviewed the occurrences and distributional patterns of migratory species of birds in Brazil. A species was classi fied as migratory when at least part of its population performs cyclical, seasonal movements with high fidelity to its breeding grounds. Of the 1,919 species of birds recorded in Brazil, 198 (10.3%) are migratory. Of these, 127 (64%) were classified as Migratory and 71 (36%) as Partially Migratory. A few species (83; 4.3%) were classified as Vagrant and eight (0,4%) species could not be defined due to limited information available, or due to conflicting data.- Capítulo 16 - Animais silvestres de vida livre(Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, 2023) Lustosa, Ana Paula Gomes; Sousa, Antônio Emanuel Barreto Alves de; Pires, Augusto de Deus; Gomes, Camila Garcia; Lugarini, Camile; Pavanelli, Carla Simone; Abrahão, Carlos Roberto; Soares, C.M.; Zawadzki, Cláudio Henrique ; Paludo, Danielle; Benedito, Evanilde ; Silva, Felipe Ennes; Paim, Fernanda Pozzan ; Miranda, Flávia; Reis, Isaías José dos ; Bicca-Marques, Júlio César ; Souza, Manuella Andrade de; Valença-Montenegro, Mônica Mafra; Serafini, Patrícia Pereira ; Balestra, Rafael Antônio Machado ; Valadão, Rafael Martins; Graça, Weferson Júnio da ; Silveira, L.F.; Viana, A.A.B.; de Angelis, K.; Braga, L.M.G.M.Apanhado de diretrizes do CONCEA para animais silvestres
Item Como Realizar a Gestão de um Projeto de Alto Risco? O Relato da Repatriação das Ararinhas-azuis ao Brasil(Biodiversidade Brasileira, 2021) Lugarini, Camile; Vercillo, Ugo EichlerA gestão de projetos envolve diferentes ferramentas de planejamento e engajamento da equipe, com objetivo de apresentar as entregas dentro do prazo e com custo reduzido (eficiência). No mundo complexo atual, em que a mudança é a regra, o valor agregado do produto se torna cada vez mais importante, num contexto em que a eficácia é mais importante que a eficiência. Para projetos envolvendo a conservação da biodiversidade se busca utilizar diferentes ferramentas para a sua execução. Neste contexto, o Plano de Ação Nacional para a Conservação da Ararinha-azul (Cyanopsitta spixii) é um dos que tem maior visibilidade no Brasil, por contemplar uma espécie bandeira possivelmente extinta na natureza. Neste relato apresentam-se os resultados de um projeto executado com sucesso: Plano de Pouso para a realização da repatriação de 52 ararinhas-azuis. O modelo de gestão adotado foi tradicional, com algumas abordagens da gestão ágil de projetos, especialmente no que concerne à entrega de produtos de valor para os stakeholders, sem a necessidade de gerar planejamentos e documentação excessivos. Em 03 de março de 2020, as ararinhas-azuis voltaram à Caatinga, ainda em situação de cativeiro, mais um grande passo para voltarem a voar livres.Item Betadiversity, prevalence, and specificity of avian haemosporidian parasites throughout the annual cycle of Chilean Elaenia (Elaenia chilensis), a Neotropical austral migrant(Parasitology, 2022) Fecchio, Alan; Dias, Raphael I.; La Torre, Gabriel M. De; Bell, Jeffrey A.; Sagario, M. Cecilia; Gorosito, Cristian A.; dos Anjos, Carolina C.; Lugarini, Camile; Piacentini, Vítor Q.; Pinho, João B.; Kirchgatter, Karin; Ricklefs, Robert E.; Schunck, Fabio; Cueto, Victor R.Item A Conservação da Ararinha-azul, Cyanopsitta spixii (Wagler, 1832): Desafios e conquistas(Biodiversidade Brasileira, 2021) Lugarini, Camile; Vercillo, Ugo Eichler; Purchase, Cromwell; Watson, RyanA ararinha-azul (Cyanopsitta spixii) é o único representante do seu gênero e hoje é considerada provavelmente extinta na natureza. O manejo ex situ é prioridade na estratégia de conservação desde o início da década de 90, sendo um exemplo de parceria público-privada de sucesso. Em 2017, finalmente, a população cativa alcançou a estabilidade com 152 indivíduos, possibilitando planejar as ações de reintrodução. Além disso, duas unidades de conservação foram criadas para propiciar a recuperação da espécie no ambiente natural, e, em 2020, 52 ararinhas-azuis foram repatriadas para um Centro de Reprodução e Reintrodução no interior do Refúgio de Vida Silvestre da Ararinha Azul. Aproximadamente 20 ararinhas-azuis estão em adaptação para o início da reintrodução e restabelecimento da população na área de distribuição histórica. Estamos perto de devolver a espécie para o seu ambiente natural, de onde nunca deveria ter sido extirpada.