Navegando por Assunto "Sea turtles"
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- Adaptive threat management framework: Integrating people and turtles(Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015, 2015-09-23) Marcovaldi, Maria Ângela G. dei; Silva, Valéria R. F. da; Mitraud, Sylvia F.; Ferraz, Maria L. C. P.; Lima, Eduardo H. S. M.; Melo, Maria Thereza D.; Santos, Armando J. B.; Silva, Augusto César C. D. da; Castilhos, Jaqueline C. de; Batista, Jamyle A. F.; Lopez, Gustave G.; Tognin, Frederico; Thomé, João Carlos; Baptistotte, Cecília; Silva, Berenice M. Gomes da; Becker, José Henrique; Wanderline, Juçara; Pegas, Fernanda de Vasconcellos; Róstan, Gonzalo; Marcovaldi, Guy Guagni deiIn the 35 years since its inception, the Brazilian National Program for the Conservation of Marine Turtles (TAMAR) has had great success in protecting the five species of sea turtles that occur in Brazil. It has also contributed significantly to worldwide scientific data and knowledge about these species’ biology, such as life cycles and migration patterns. TAMAR’s conservation strategies have always relied on a variety of environmental education and social inclusion (EESI) activities highly adapted to the socioenvironmental evolving contexts of its 25 locations distributed across nine states. Diversity and flexibility are critical to enable timely and effective local responses to existing or potential threats to sea turtles. The intuitive, locally adapted, decentralized, and independent way EESI activities have been carried out have generated positive results in the resolution of specific and evolving local problems through the course of the project. This article brings EESI under the same conceptual framework that underlies its conservation approach by adopting an adaptive threat management framework to organize and qualify its educational and social inclusion interventions according to the main categories of threat addressed by TAMAR.
Item An overview of Projeto TAMAR-IBAMA'S activities in relation to the incidental capture of sea turtles in the Brazilian fisheries.(2002) THOMÉ, J. C. A; MARCOVALDI, M. A; MARCOVALDI DEI, G. G; BELLINI, C; GALLO, B. M. G; LIMA, E. H. S. M; SILVA DA, A. C. C. D; SALES, G.; BARATA, P. C. RProjeto TAMAR-IBAMA, the Brazilian Sea Turtle Conservation Program, is a network of 20 conservation stations that together protect over 1,000 km of Brazilian coastline on the mainland and on three oceanic islands. TAMAR was created in 1980, and initially focused its efforts on nesting beaches. Since 1990, a significant proportion of TAMAR's field activities have been focused on sea turtle feeding areas. Five species of sea turtles are found and nest in Brazil: the green turtle (Chelonia mydas, CM), the loggerhead (Caretta caretta, CC), the hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata, El), the olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea, LO) and the leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea, DC). Several nesting beaches and feeding areas are located near important fishing and/or shrimping grounds, where sizeable industrial fishing fleets operate. Moreover, artisanal fishing is a key livelihood for many coastal communities. Therefore, there is significant interaction between sea turtles and fishing gear around those areas, and the successful conservation of sea turtles by TAMAR must also involve actions to reduce incidental captures of sea turtles in fishing activities. Furthermore, since 1998 TAMAR has been collecting data on the level of sea turtle capture by the pelagic longline fishery off the Brazilian coast, which is a new frontier for conservation activities. Different actions have been implemented by TAMAR in each region in Brazil, depending on local conditions and available funds. Here, we present an overview of TAMAR's activities regarding the incidental capture of sea turtles by Brazilian fisheries.Item Anthropogenic threats to the sea turtle populations along the brazilian coast(2011-05) Baptistotte, C.; Lopez, G.; Reith, Denise; Santos, M. R. D.; Boldrin, M. A.; Werneck, M. R.; Becker, H.; Goldberg, D. W.; Stahelin, G. D.; Marcovaldi, M. A.; Píres, T.Post mortem examination is an important tool in sea turtle diseases investigation and its relation to anthropogenic stressors. In order to identify the possible causes of sea turtles strandings, Projeto TAMAR-ICMBio conducts necropsies at its research stations along the brazilian coast. Moreover, TAMAR has developed research agreements through veterinary universities research programs to allow more accurate diagnostics. In this study, we analyze results from 989 necropsies performed at TAMAR Stations in Bahia, Espírito Santo, São Paulo and Santa Catarina States (Figure 1), from January 2009 to May 2011.Item Captura incidental de tortugas marinas por las flotas de palangre pelágico de Brasil y Uruguay (1998 - 2010)(2014) GIFFONI, B.; LEITE JR, N.; MILLER, P.; PONS, M.; SALES, G.; DOMINGO, A.Sea turtles are highly migratory species and during their long life cycle they are face to different threats. One of the biggest threat is the incidental captures by fisheries, thus longline fishery has been pointed out as great concern due to the high captures rates. This work summarize the incidental capture of sea turtles by Brazilian and Uruguayan longline fleet, taking account different aspects to be considered in sea turtles productivity and susceptibility analyses - PSA. The data analyzed were collected by observers of the Programa Nacional de Observadores a Bordo de la Flota Atunera Uruguaya (PNOFA) from Uruguay, and Programa Nacional de Observadores de Bordo da Frota Pesqueira do Brasil (PROBORDO), Fundação Pró-TAMAR, Instituto ALBATROZ and Núcleo de Educação e Monitoramento Ambiental (NEMA) from Brazil. On total 25.164.089 hooks were sampled by Brazil and Uruguay between 2008 and 2010. On average, the sampled effort represented 1,5% of total effort applied at the same area by ICCAT CPCs. Loggerhead was the specie most captured (n =6.594), followed by Leatherback (n = 1.379) and Olive ridley (n = 600). All specie nest in Brazil. Regarding to productivity aspects, the Brazilian population of loggerhead, leatherback and olive ridley are increasing. For the Susceptibility analyses and considering availability, 7 different RMUs are being impacted by longline. Related to encounterability, the 3 turtle species spent the most time at the same depth range as Brazilian and Uruguayan longline toward to catch swordfish. For selectivity, juveniles of the loggerhead turtle are the most captured, while for olive ridley and leatherback, sub-adult and adult have been most captured by longline fleet of both countries.Item CAPTURA INCIDENTAL DE TORTUGAS MARINAS POR LAS FLOTAS DE PALANGRE PELÁGICO DE BRASIL Y URUGUAY (1998 - 2010)(2014) GIFFONI, Bruno; LEITE JUNIOR, Nilamon; MILLER, Philip; PONS, Maite; SALES, Gilberto; DOMINGO, AndrésSea turtles are highly migratory species and during their long life cycle they face different threats. One of the biggest threats is the incidental captures by fisheries, thus longline fisheries has been pointed out as a great concern due to the high capture rates. This work summarizes the incidental capture of sea turtles by Brazilian and Uruguayan longline fleet, taking account different aspects to be considered in sea turtles productivity and susceptibility analyses - PSA. The data analyzed were collected by observers of the Programa Nacional de Observadores a Bordo de la Flota Atunera Uruguaya (PNOFA) from Uruguay, and the Programa Nacional de Observadores de Bordo da Frota Pesqueira do Brasil (PROBORDO), Fundação Pró-TAMAR, Instituto ALBATROZ and Núcleo de Educação e Monitoramento Ambiental (NEMA) from Brazil. A total of 25,164.089 hooks were sampled by Brazil and Uruguay between 2008 and 2010. On average, the sampled effort represented 1,5% of total effort applied at the same area by ICCAT CPCs. Loggerhead was the species most captured (n = 6.594), followed by Leatherback (n = 1.379) and Olive ridley (n = 600). All species nest in Brazil. Regarding productivity aspects, the Brazilian population of loggerhead, leatherback and Olive ridley are increasing. For the susceptibility analyses and considering availability, seven different RMUs are being impacted by longline. As regards encounterability, the three turtle species spent most of the time at the same depth range as Brazilian and Uruguayan longline toward to catch swordfish. For selectivity, juveniles of the loggerhead turtle are the most captured, while for Olive ridley and leatherback, sub-adult and adult have been most captured by longline fleet for both countries.- Challenges and perspectives for monitoring and managing pelagic longline fisheries in Brazil following incidental catches of sea turtles(2019-10-07) Sales, G.; Giffoni, B.The objective of this work was to present the Brazilian experience in the management of the problem: “interaction of sea turtles with pelagic longline fishing”, emphasizing the challenges of implementing routines to obtain systematic data on fishing operations, through onboard observers.
- Conservation of Sea Turtles in Brazil: Encouraging Results Obtained on Nesting Beaches(2008) MARCOVALDI, M.A; THOMÉ, J.L; LOPEZ, G.L; SANTOS, A. S; SOARES, L.S; SILVA, A.C.C.D; BARATA, P.C.R
- Educational campaign to reduce the impact of artificial light on sea turtle nesting beaches in Brazil.(2000) MARCOVALDI, M. Â; BELLINI, C; CASTILHOS, J. C de; SILVA, A. C. C. D. da; GALLO, B. M. G; BAPTISTOTTE, C.; LIMA, E. H. S. M; LIMA, E. P; SANCHES, T. M; THOMÉ, J; PATIRI, V. J. ASeveral important stages of reproduction by sea turtles normally take place at night, under the cover of darkness on beaches. Artificial lights on or near beaches often reduce the number of female sea turtles that emerge from the ocean to nest (Witherington, 1992; Ehrhart et al. 1996). When females do lay their eggs on beaches that are subject to artificial lighting, seafinding of the resultant hatchling turtles is often disrupted and they often go away from the sea (e.g. Philibosian, 1976; Peters and Verhoeven, 1994). Misoriented hatchlings face increased mortality from land predators, accidental trampling by people or vehicles, or desiccation following sunrise. Development of coastal areas, in the form of homes, hotels, industrial complexes, and recreational areas, leads to an increase of nighttime lighting. Unchecked lighting on beaches used by sea turtles can have serious impacts on nesting populations, and as such management of lighting on or near beaches is a priority for most sea turtle conservation programs.
Item Effectiveness and design of marine protected areas for migratory species of conservation concern: A case study of post-nesting hawksbill turtles in Brazil(Elsevier, 2021-06-21) Armando J.B., Santos; Bellini, C.; Santos, E.A.P.; Sales, G.; Ramos, R.; Vieira, D.H.G.; Marcovaldi, M. A.; Gillisf, Anthony; Wildermann, N.; Millsi, M.; Gandra, T.; Fuentes, M.M.P.B.Marine protected areas (MPAs) are among the most widely used strategy to protect marine ecosystems and are typically designed to protect specific habitats rather than a single and/or multiple species. To inform the con servation of species of conservation concern there is the need to assess whether existing and proposed MPA designs provide protection to these species. For this, information on species spatial distribution and exposure to threats is necessary. However, this information if often lacking, particularly for mobile migratory species, such as marine turtles. To highlight the importance of this information when designing MPAs and for assessments of their effectiveness, we identified high use areas of post-nesting hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) in Brazil as a case study and assessed the effectiveness of Brazilian MPAs to protect important habitat for this group based on exposure to threats. Most (88%) of high use areas were found to be exposed to threats (78% to artisanal fishery and 76.7% to marine traffic), where 88.1% were not protected by MPAs, for which 86% are exposed to threats. This mismatch is driven by a lack of explicit conservation goals and targets for turtles in MPA management plans, limited spatial information on species' distribution and threats, and a mismatch in the scale of conservation initiatives. To inform future assessments and design of MPAs for species of conservation concern we suggest that managers: clearly state and make their goals and targets tangible, consider ecological scales instead of political boundaries, and use adaptative management as new information become available.Item Effectiveness and design of marine protected areas for migratory species of conservation concern: A case study of post-nesting hawksbill turtles in Brazil(2021-06-21) SANTOS, Armando J.B; SANTOS, E.A.P; G, Sales; R, Ramos; D.H.G, Vieira; C, Bellini; M.A, Marcovaldi; G, Anthony; N, Wildermman; M, Mills; T, Gandra; M.M.P.B, FuentesMarine protected areas (MPAs) are among the most widely used strategy to protect marine ecosystems and are typically designed to protect specific habitats rather than a single and/or multiple species. To inform the con servation of species of conservation concern there is the need to assess whether existing and proposed MPA designs provide protection to these species. For this, information on species spatial distribution and exposure to threats is necessary. However, this information if often lacking, particularly for mobile migratory species, such as marine turtles. To highlight the importance of this information when designing MPAs and for assessments of their effectiveness, we identified high use areas of post-nesting hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) in Brazil as a case study and assessed the effectiveness of Brazilian MPAs to protect important habitat for this group based on exposure to threats. Most (88%) of high use areas were found to be exposed to threats (78% to artisanal fishery and 76.7% to marine traffic), where 88.1% were not protected by MPAs, for which 86% are exposed to threats. This mismatch is driven by a lack of explicit conservation goals and targets for turtles in MPA management plans, limited spatial information on species' distribution and threats, and a mismatch in the scale of conservation initiatives. To inform future assessments and design of MPAs for species of conservation concern we suggest that managers: clearly state and make their goals and targets tangible, consider ecological scales instead of political boundaries, and use adaptative management as new information become available.Item Effectiveness and design of marine protected areas for migratory species of conservation concern: A case study of post-nesting hawksbill turtles in Brazil(2021-06-21) SANTOS, A.J.B.; BELLINI, C.; SANTOS, E.A.P.; SALES, G.; RAMOS, R.; VIEIRA, D.H.G; MARCOVALDI, M.A.; GILLIS, A.; WILDERMANN, N.; MILLS, M.; GANDRA, T.; FUENTES, M.M.P.B.Marine protected areas (MPAs) are among the most widely used strategy to protect marine ecosystems and are typically designed to protect specific habitats rather than a single and/or multiple species. To inform the conservation of species of conservation concern there is the need to assess whether existing and proposed MPA designs provide protection to these species. For this, information on species spatial distribution and exposure to threats is necessary. However, this information if often lacking, particularly for mobile migratory species, such as marine turtles. To highlight the importance of this information when designing MPAs and for assessments of their effectiveness, we identified high use areas of post-nesting hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) in Brazil as a case study and assessed the effectiveness of Brazilian MPAs to protect important habitat for this group based on exposure to threats. Most (88%) of high use areas were found to be exposed to threats (78% to artisanal fishery and 76.7% to marine traffic), where 88.1% were not protected by MPAs, for which 86% are exposed to threats. This mismatch is driven by a lack of explicit conservation goals and targets for turtles in MPA management plans, limited spatial information on species' distribution and threats, and a mismatch in the scale of conservation initiatives. To inform future assessments and design of MPAs for species of conservation concern we suggest that managers: clearly state and make their goals and targets tangible, consider ecological scales instead of political boundaries, and use adaptative management as new information become available.Item Evaluation of interaction between sea turtles and pelagic longline fisheries in Brazil(2007-02) MARCOVALDI, M. A; SALES, G; THOME, J. C. A; SILVA, A. C. C. D; GIFFONI, B. BItem Green Turtle Nesting on Trindade Island: Trend, Abundance and Biometrics(ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH, 2011-08-31) ALMEIDA, A. P.; MOREIRA, L. M. P.; BRUNO, S. C.; THOMÉ, J .C. A.; MARTINS, A. S.; BOLTEN, A. B.; BJORDAL, K. A.ABSTRACT: Green turtles Chelonia mydas nesting at Trindade Island, 1140 km off the coast of Brazil, were monitored discontinuously from 1982/83 to 2008/09. For 7 years during this period, the majority of nesting was monitored, and the number of nests deposited on Trindade varied from 1333 to 5261. Based on these nest counts, Trindade is among the most important known Atlantic nesting sites for green turtles. The population remained stable between 1991 and 2008. Data on female body size, clutch size, internesting intervals, remigration intervals, and hatching success are also presented.Item Green Turtle Nesting on Trindade Island: Trend, Abundance and Biometrics(2011) Almeida, Antonio de Padua; Moreira, Luciana M. P.; Bruno, Soraya Christina; Thomé, João Carlos A.; Martins, Agnaldo S.; Bolten, Alan B.; Bjorndal, Karen A.Green turtles Chelonia mydas nesting at Trindade Island, 1140 km off the coast of Brazil, were monitored discontinuously from 1982/83 to 2008/09. For 7 years during this period, the majority of nesting was monitored, and the number of nests deposited on Trindade varied from 1333 to 5261. Based on these nest counts, Trindade is among the most important known Atlantic nesting sites for green turtles. The population remained stable between 1991 and 2008. Data on female body size, clutch size, internesting intervals, remigration intervals, and hatching success are also presented.Item HOPPER DREDGING(2015) GOLDBERG, D.W; ALMEIDA, D.T; TOGNIN, F.; LOPEZ, G.G; PIZETTA, G.T; JUNIOR, N.O.L; SFORZA, R.Item Identification of loggerhead male producing beaches in the south Atlantic: Implications for conservation.(2016-01-04) ARCOVALDI, M.A.G.; LÓPES-MENDILAHARSU, M.; SANTOS, A.S; LOPEZ, G.G.; GODFREY, M.H.; TOGNIN, F.; BAPTISTOTTE, C.; THOMÉ, J.C.; DIAS, A.C.C.; CASTILHOS, J.C.; FUENTES, M.M.P.B.Concern over the potential impacts of increased temperature on marine turtles, which have temperature dependent sex determination, has resulted in an increase in research that predicts the sex ratio of marine turtle hatchlings under various scenarios of climate change. To accurately understand the projected impacts from global warming, it is necessary to understand the sex ratio baseline in advance of climate change. To address this, the primary sex ratio of loggerhead hatchlings, Caretta caretta, was estimated from incubation duration of 27,697 in situ nests from 21 nesting beaches used by two subpopulations of loggerhead turtles in Brazil over the last 25 years. A strong female bias (94%) was observed in all the areas used by the northern loggerhead stock, Sergipe (SE) and Bahia (BA), whereas a more balanced sex ratio (53% female) was estimated at the regions used by the southern loggerhead stock, Espirito Santo (ES) and Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Both inter-annual (SE: 83% to 99%, BA: 79. % to 98%, ES: 33% to 81%, RJ: 18% to 81%) and inter-beach variabilities (SE: 91% to 98%, BA: 89% to 96%, ES: 47% to 69%, RJ: 28% to 55%) in mean female offspring were observed. These findings provide evidence of persistent female bias in Brazil, and importantly identify male producing beaches and months, which will guide management decisions.Item Interactions between sea turtles and fisheries in Brazil. An overview within the scope of projeto tamar monitoring area (1990 – 2012).(2013) Santos, Alexsandro; Giffoni, Bruno B.; Marcovaldi, Maria Ângela; Sales, Gilberto; Thomé, João C. A.; Silva, Augusto C. C. Dias da; Marcovaldi, Guy; Gallo, Berenice M. G.; Lima, Eduardo H. S. M.; Lima, Eron P.; Bellini, Cláudio; Wanderlinde, Juçara; Lopez, Gustave; Santos, Armando J. B.; López-Mendilaharsu, Milagros- Nesting Biology and conservation of the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) in Espírito Santo State, Brazil, 1988-1989 to 2003-2004.(Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 2007-05-01) THOMÉ, J. C. A; BAPTISTOTTE, C; MOREIRA, L. M. P; SCALFONI, J. T; ALMEIDA, A. P; RIETH, D. B; BARATA, P. C. RIn Brazil, the only area where regular leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) nesting is known to occur is located on the northern coast of the state of Espı´rito Santo, around latitude 198S. In this study, we present the field methods used by Projeto TAMAR-IBAMA (the Brazilian Sea Turtle Conservation Program) in the state of Espı´rito Santo and analyze data on leatherback nesting from 1988–1989 to 2003–2004. In that period, 527 nests were observed in the study area. The annual number of nests varied between 6 (in 1993–1994) and 92 (in 2002–2003). Between 1995–1996 and 2003–2004, the annual number of nests increased at about 20.4% per year on average. Among the 527 clutches observed, 358 (67.9%) were left in situ, 50 (9.5%) were relocated to another spot on the beach, 88 (16.7%) were relocated to open-air beach hatcheries, and 31 clutches (5.9%) did not have their management decision recorded. Curved carapace length of nesting females was in the range of 139–182 cm (mean ¼ 159.8 cm). At present, there is no significant alteration of the nesting habitat in Espı´rito Santo, egg poaching has been reduced to very low levels, and there is no subsistence hunting for sea turtles of any species. The main challenges to leatherback conservation currently are the incidental capture in artisanal fisheries operating close to nesting beaches and in high seas fisheries operating in the South Atlantic, as well as activities related to the oil industry. An overview of Projeto TAMAR’s actions addressing current sea turtle conservation issues in the State of Espı´rito Santo is presented.
- Not just another mixed stock analysis: green turtles of Espírito Santo, Brazil.(2010) NARO-MACIEL, E; MARTIN, M; BONDIOLI, A. C. V; ALMEIDA, A. P; TOREZANI, E; BAPTISTOTTE, C; MARCOVALDI, M. A; AMATO, G; DE SALLE, RIn the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, sea turtles are exposed to myriad threats including disease, fisheries bycatch, and industrial or coastal development, but protected by effective conservation organizations. In Espirito Santo, Brazil, green turtles (Chelonia mydas) with relatively high incidence of fibropapillomatosis tumors routinely strand in the vicinity of the state capital, Vitória, a highly urbanized area that encompasses the effluent discharge channel of a local steel plant. This is also a particularly interesting population because of its relative proximity to the regionally important Trindade Island rookery, whose feeding grounds have not been convincingly identified to date. To investigate the population distribution of the at-risk turtles, we sequenced a segment of the mitochondrial control region (862 bp; n = 132). Eight mtDNA haplotypes were revealed, of which the most common were CMA-08 and CMA-05. Haplotypes CMA-06 and CMA-09 were each found in six individuals, and rare haplotypes CMA-03, CMA-10, CMA-23, and CMA-32 were also detected. Two kinds of "many-to-many" mixed stock analyses were carried out, taking into account or alternately disregarding source nesting population size. The same approach was taken with traditional MSAS ("one-to-many"), and the main differences between the "one-to-many" and "many-to-many" results are reported. The analyses that included population size and all available data were most consistent with expectations. We recommend caution when employing different mixed stock analysis methods, and emphasize the importance of exploring alternate ways of investigating the origins of mixed stocks, including modeling approaches. These data will provide insight into population isolation and conservation priorities necessary to establish whether areas should be managed as independent units or as regional populations, and will clarify questions of scale in conservation and management, providing a scientific basis for conservation prioritization.
Item Projeto Tamar: matching, threats and conservation priorities for sea turtles in Brazil(2013) MARCOVALDI, M. A.; THOMÉ, J. C.; SILVA, A. C. C. D. da; SALES, G.; GIFFONI, B.; GOMES, B. M.; BAPTISTOTTE, C.; LIMA, E.; WANDERLINDE, J.; SANTOS, A. J. B.; SANTOS, A. S. dos; MENDILAHARSU, M. L.; LOPÉZ, G. G.