Navegando por Assunto "Conservation"
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- Adaptive threat management framework: Integrating people and turtles(Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015, 2015-09-23) Marcovaldi, Maria Ângela G. dei; Silva, Valéria R. F. da; Mitraud, Sylvia F.; Ferraz, Maria L. C. P.; Lima, Eduardo H. S. M.; Melo, Maria Thereza D.; Santos, Armando J. B.; Silva, Augusto César C. D. da; Castilhos, Jaqueline C. de; Batista, Jamyle A. F.; Lopez, Gustave G.; Tognin, Frederico; Thomé, João Carlos; Baptistotte, Cecília; Silva, Berenice M. Gomes da; Becker, José Henrique; Wanderline, Juçara; Pegas, Fernanda de Vasconcellos; Róstan, Gonzalo; Marcovaldi, Guy Guagni deiIn the 35 years since its inception, the Brazilian National Program for the Conservation of Marine Turtles (TAMAR) has had great success in protecting the five species of sea turtles that occur in Brazil. It has also contributed significantly to worldwide scientific data and knowledge about these species’ biology, such as life cycles and migration patterns. TAMAR’s conservation strategies have always relied on a variety of environmental education and social inclusion (EESI) activities highly adapted to the socioenvironmental evolving contexts of its 25 locations distributed across nine states. Diversity and flexibility are critical to enable timely and effective local responses to existing or potential threats to sea turtles. The intuitive, locally adapted, decentralized, and independent way EESI activities have been carried out have generated positive results in the resolution of specific and evolving local problems through the course of the project. This article brings EESI under the same conceptual framework that underlies its conservation approach by adopting an adaptive threat management framework to organize and qualify its educational and social inclusion interventions according to the main categories of threat addressed by TAMAR.
Item Application of flow cytometry and gas chromatography to Study fibropapillomatosis in chelonia mydas (testudines, Cheloniidae) in brazil and their contributions for conservation of this species.(2012) ROSSI, S; SANCHEZ-SARMIENTO, A.M; VALE, L.A.S; GENOY-PUERTO, E. A; PRIOSTE, F.E.S; GATTAMORTA, M.A; KINOSHITA, D; HAZARBASSANOV, N.G.T.Q; BECKER, J.H; LIMA, E.H.S.M; BAPTISTOTTE, C; GOLDBERG, D.W; SANTOS, A.J.B; BORTOLON, L. F; MATUSHIMA, E. R- Conservation of Sea Turtles in Brazil: Encouraging Results Obtained on Nesting Beaches(2008) MARCOVALDI, M.A; THOMÉ, J.L; LOPEZ, G.L; SANTOS, A. S; SOARES, L.S; SILVA, A.C.C.D; BARATA, P.C.R
Item ECOLOGIA DE PEIXES DE RIACHOS DE CAVERNAS E OUTROS HABITAT SUBTERRÂNEOS(2021) Bichuette, Maria ElinaBrasil desponta como um país rico em cavidades naturais subterrâneas, com mais de 20.000 cavernas cadastradas oficialmente. Além das cavernas, as quais se desenvolvem em diferentes tipos de rocha, há outros habitat subterrâneos (hipógeos) com corpos d’água na forma de drenagens (riachos de nível de base), de afloramentos do freático (zona saturada) em cavernas inundadas ou na forma de poças e lagos dentro de cavidades, além de bolsões de aquíferos superiores formados por água de infiltração na rocha. Em alguns casos, as águas subterrâneas não afloram em cavidades, e sim em aluviões próximos a rios, representando uma zona hiporreica. A ictiofauna subterrânea brasileira é composta por peixes restritos às cavernas e outros habitat subterrâneos (geralmente categorizados como troglóbios/estigóbios) ou por espécies que possuem populações bem estabelecidas nestes habitat, mas que também ocorrem em riachos e corpos d’água da superfície (categorizados como troglófilos). Atualmente há mais de 80 espécies de peixes com populações troglóbias e troglófilas no Brasil. Alguns estudos populacionais para peixes troglóbios/freatóbios apresentam estimativas de tamanhos e densidades populacionais variáveis, geralmente caracterizadas por populações pequenas; uma tendência ao sedentarismo; baixos valores de fator de condição e estratégias de ciclos de vida tendendo ao K dentro do continuum r-K. Estas características são relacionadas às condições abióticas únicas destes habitat, tais como aporte de nutrientes baixo, infrequente e muitas vezes imprevisível, o que pode representar um filtro acentuado. Em relação à conservação, os peixes de riachos de cavernas e de outros habitat subterrâneos encontram-se ameaçados e a maioria das espécies descritas formalmente está inserida em listas de fauna ameaçada no Brasil, apenas quatro espécies foram incluídas e avaliadas globalmente (a piaba Stygichthys typhlops e os bagres Pimelodella kronei, Phreatobius cisternarum e Phreatobius sanguijuela).Item Eupera troglobia sp. nov.: the first troglobitic bivalve from the Americas (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Sphaeriidae)(2022-04-13) Simone, Luiz Ricardo L.; Ferreira, Rodrigo LopesEupera troglobia sp. nov. is the first fully described troglobitic bivalve discovered in the Americas, and possibly the second in the world. The troglobitic designation is based on the lack of pigmentation, reduction in size and shell thickness, and large and few offspring. Unlike its relatives that live in the roots of the water hyacinth, this new species is attached to the walls of the caves with a byssus. The anatomical study shows some peculiarities in comparison with the congeners, especially the simplicity of the foot, the siphons and the gut. This discovery is a new contribution to the efforts for the conservation of subterranean habitats in Brazil.Item Extinction risk evaluation and population size estimation of Bothrops insularis (Serpentes: Viperidae), a critically endangered insular pitviper species of Brazil.(South American Journal of Herpetology, 2021) Abrahão, Carlos Roberto; Amorim, Ligia Grazzielli; Magalhães, Adriana Melo; Azevedo, Carlos Renato; Grisi-Filho, José Henrique Hildebrand; Dias, Ricardo AugustoThe golden lancehead pitviper (Bothrops insularis) is a critically endangered species endemic to the Queimada Grande Island, a federally protected area located 33 km off the southern coast of São Paulo State, Brazil. Adults have specialized diet, preying upon migrating birds, and the species' reproductive efficiency is quite lower than its continental related species, B. jararaca. Potential threats to B. insularis include illegal removal, introduction of exotic species or diseases, and catastrophic events such as wildfire. The population size of B. insularis was estimated at 2,899 individuals (CI 95% = 1,903; 4,416) in its forested habitat using distance sampling. This is the first population estimation using 3D area model for a reptile habitat. Bothrops insularis was more sensitive to harvesting of few individuals yearly than a catastrophic event that causes mortality over 95% of the entire population in a 100-year simulation period. Prioritizing conservation efforts of reptile species in Brazil depends on simple yet robust monitoring methods like the one presented here. This study was only made possible through the concatenation of government, management, and scientific interests. Such synergism should be encouraged in conservation policies in Brazil, especially in remote locations.- First record of a cavernicolous Kinnaridae from the Old World (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Fulgoromorpha, Kinnaridae, Adolendini) provides testimony of an ancient fauna(2021) Hoch, Hannelore; Sendra, Alberto; Montagud, Sergio; Teruel, Santiago; Ferreira, Rodrigo LopesA new obligately cavernicolous species in the planthopper family Kinnaridae is described from Spain. This is the first record of a cavernicolous kinnarid from the Old World, and the first record of a troglobitic fulgoromorphan hemipteran from mainland Spain, and also the 7th cavernicolous kinnarid species world-wide. Epigean Kinnaridae are not known from the present-day fauna of the Iberian Peninsula nor from Western Europe at large. The new species is regarded as a relict from an ancient fauna which is now ex-tinct. The new cavernicolous species could not be assigned to any of the existing genera, thus a new genus is established. Molecular data (COI barcode sequence) for the new species are presented. For the first time, a detailed description of the nymphal morphology of a kinnarid is provided. Information on its ecology, behaviour, distribution and conservation status is given, and biogeographic implications are discussed.
Item Green turtle (Chelonia mydas) nesting on Atol das Rocas, north-eastern Brazil, 1990–2008(2012-04-25) Bellini, C.; Santos, A.J.B; Grossman, A.; Barata, P.C.R.; Marcovaldi, M.A.In this paper, information is presented on green turtle (Chelonia mydas) nesting on Atol das Rocas (Rocas Atoll), north eastern Brazil. The temporal distribution of nesting events per season, annual number of nests, carapace length of nesting females, clutch size, hatching success, incubation period, internesting interval, clutch frequency, observed reproductive life span, and remigration period are reported. The study period included the nesting seasons from 1990 to 2008, but no regular beach monitoring was carried out in 1998 and 1999. Two sorts of methods were applied to the estimation of the annual number of nests in some seasons. Taking into account the estimated annual numbers of nests, the mean annual number of nests in the study period, excluding 1998–1999, was 335 (standard deviation ¼ 139, range ¼ 136–563, N ¼ 17). An analysis of the available data indicates that the average nesting levels at the beginning of the study period (the first five seasons) and at its end (the last five seasons) were roughly the same. The mean curved carapace length of the nesting turtles decreased significantly during the study period, from 115.9 cm in 1990–1992 to 112.9 cm in 2006 –2008. Atol das Rocas was established as a federal biological reserve in 1979, but regular sea turtle conservation activities actually started there in 1990. Since that year, the killing of nesting turtles has ceased, nesting activity by the turtles can proceed in an undisturbed fashion, and their clutches can incubate in a protected environment.Item How many species of Mollusca are there in Brazil? A collective taxonomic effort to reveal this still unknown diversity(2023-12-11) Machado, Fabrizio M.; Miranda, Marcel S.; Salvador, Rodrigo B.; Pimenta, Alexandre D.; Côrtes, Mariana O.; Gomes, Jaime A.J.; Miyahira, Igor C.; Agudo-Padrón, Ignacio; Oliveira, Cléo D.C.; Caetano, Carlos H.S.; Coelho, Paulo R.S.; D’Ávila, Sthefane; Arruda, Eliane P. de; Almeida, Sérgio M. de; Gomes, Suzete R.; Alvim, Juliana; Galvão-Filho, Hilton; Ferreira-Júnior, Augusto L.; Marques, Rodrigo C.; Martins, Inês; de Souza, Leonardo S.; Arruda, Janine O.; Cavallari, Daniel C.; Santos, Sonia B. dos; Pedro, Natan C.; Salles, Anna C. de A.; Dornellas, Ana P.S.; Lima, Tarcilla C. de; Amaral, Vanessa S. do; Silva, Fernanda S.; Passos, Flávio D.; Thiengo, Silvana S.; Leite, Tatiana S.; Simone, Luiz R.L.The expression ‘you need to know to conserve’ is a well-known cliche among biologists. Documenting the richness of a group of organisms is the first step towards understanding biodiversity and preparing efficient conservation plans. In this context, many efforts have been made to quantify the number of species on Earth and estimate the number of species still unknown to science. A few countries have complete and integrated databases estimating the approximate number of species recorded for their territory, particularly in the Global South. In Brazil, a country of continental dimensions, revealing the richness of the second most diverse clade of invertebrates (=Mollusca) has been a goal of taxonomists. Recently, in an unprecedented, collective, and integrated effort among Brazilian malacologists, it was possible to estimate how many valid species of molluscs are there in Brazil. In this effort, more than 30 mollusc experts joined together to update the Taxonomic Catalogue of the Brazilian Fauna (TCBF), a governmental website that allows a quick and real-time updating of all Metazoan. So far, more than 5,000 updates have been made in TCBF, indicating the presence of 3,552 valid species of molluscs in Brazil, distributed among the main clades as follows: Caudofoveata (10 spp.), Solenogastres (6 spp.), Polyplacophora (35 spp.), Scaphopoda (43 spp.), Cephalopoda (92 spp.), Bivalvia (629 spp.) and Gastropoda (2,737 spp.). The present study, in addition to demonstrating for the first time the richness of Brazilian molluscs, also presents the state of the art of this important phylum of invertebrates highlighting its most representative and neglected groups.Item Identification of loggerhead male producing beaches in the south Atlantic: Implications for conservation.(2016-01-04) ARCOVALDI, M.A.G.; LÓPES-MENDILAHARSU, M.; SANTOS, A.S; LOPEZ, G.G.; GODFREY, M.H.; TOGNIN, F.; BAPTISTOTTE, C.; THOMÉ, J.C.; DIAS, A.C.C.; CASTILHOS, J.C.; FUENTES, M.M.P.B.Concern over the potential impacts of increased temperature on marine turtles, which have temperature dependent sex determination, has resulted in an increase in research that predicts the sex ratio of marine turtle hatchlings under various scenarios of climate change. To accurately understand the projected impacts from global warming, it is necessary to understand the sex ratio baseline in advance of climate change. To address this, the primary sex ratio of loggerhead hatchlings, Caretta caretta, was estimated from incubation duration of 27,697 in situ nests from 21 nesting beaches used by two subpopulations of loggerhead turtles in Brazil over the last 25 years. A strong female bias (94%) was observed in all the areas used by the northern loggerhead stock, Sergipe (SE) and Bahia (BA), whereas a more balanced sex ratio (53% female) was estimated at the regions used by the southern loggerhead stock, Espirito Santo (ES) and Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Both inter-annual (SE: 83% to 99%, BA: 79. % to 98%, ES: 33% to 81%, RJ: 18% to 81%) and inter-beach variabilities (SE: 91% to 98%, BA: 89% to 96%, ES: 47% to 69%, RJ: 28% to 55%) in mean female offspring were observed. These findings provide evidence of persistent female bias in Brazil, and importantly identify male producing beaches and months, which will guide management decisions.Item MANAGEMENT UNITS: CHALLENGES TO PROMOTE UNDERSTANDING AND CONSERVATION OF MARINE TURTLES IN OCEANIC AREAS(2015) Sales, G.; Britto, M.; Fiedler, F.N.; Giffoni, B.; Domingo, A.; Leite, N.; Miller, PhilipThis document presents a discussion and some recommendations with regards to appropriate management units to promote the conservation of marine turtles in oceanic areas used by tuna longline fisheries under ICCAT. We comment on the utility of using Regional Management Units (RMUs) for marine turtles as proposed by Wallace et al. (2010). Per Wallace (2010 et al), RMUs refer to geographically explicit population segments, based on biogeographical data (e.g. nesting sites, genetics, telemetry) that can be applied to regionally appropriate management issues. RMUs are not intended to represent complete geographic distributions of species on global or regional scales, but rather distributions that are anchored to landmasses by known nesting site(s) and/or genetic stock origins and defined by biogeographical information. While RMUs are important to contribute to our understanding of key aspects of marine turtle populations, this analysis indicates that marine turtle RMUs do not cover all requirements to define management units to the ICCAT fisheries. Considering that the longline fishing are compose of different kind of fisheries, using distinct fishery strategies and operate in distinct at-sea regions, these fisheries interact with marine turtle mixed stocks in foraging and developmental areas. We recommend ICCAT adopt the “Fishery”as the principal concept to define Management Unit (rather than sea turtle RMUs) in order to understand and reduce marine turtle interactions in the ICCAT fisheriesItem Manegement of cats and rodents on inhabited islands: an overview and case study Fernando de Noronha, Brazil.(Perspectives in ecology and conservation, 2018) Russell, James; Abrahão, Carlos R.c,d,; Silva, Jean C.R.e,; Dias, Ricardo A.In this paper, an overview of introduced cat and rodent impacts on islands, and methods for their control anderadication, arepresented. FernandodeNoronha, aninhabitedoceanic islandofBrazil,isusedas a case study to illustrate the challenges of cat and rodent management on inhabited islands. Cat impacts have been recorded for 175 vertebrate species, and rat impacts for 173 plant and animal species. Eradication of cats and rodents for species conservation has been successful on small to medium- sized uninhabited or sparsely inhabited islands. However, examples of successful cat and rodent management programmes for biodiversity on inhabited islands are limited. On inhabited islands localised control of cats and rodents occurs, but historically with a focus on agriculture, human livelihoods and animal welfare, and only more recently on native species conservation. Control of cats and rodents on inhabited islands for species conservation lags behind uninhabited islands and the reasons for this are social and complex. Conser vation managers often perceive a lack of support from island residents or administrators, which may or may not actually be the case. Where support does not exist, it may relate to the provisioning of control versus eradication, the techniques proposed, or wider socioeconomic issues. This ultimately translates to conservation inaction, and the ongoing decline and extinction of island fauna. Abundance estimates for cats and density estimates for rats on Fernando de Noronha are presented, along with documented biodiversity impacts, to support recommendations for future management on Fernando de Noronha. © 2018 Associação Brasileira de Ciencia ˆ Ecologica ´ e Conservação. ˜ Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license- Monitoring Brazilian Cavefish: Ecology and Conservation of Four Threatened Catfish of Genus Ituglanis (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from Central Brazil(2021-02-20) Bichuette, Maria Elina; Trajano, EleonoraWe investigated population parameters using the capture-mark-recapture method (Ituglanis passensis and I. bambui) and visual censuses (I. epikasrticus and I. ramiroi). The four species are regionally threatened (Brazilian Red List) and occur in caves of Terra Ronca State Park, São Domingos region, Central Brazil. We conducted seven fieldtrips across three years of dry seasons. For the capture-mark-recapture method, a 400 m long stream inside Passa Três cave, where I. passensis occurs and a 300 m long reach of an upper tributary where I. bambui occurs inside Angélica cave were divided into 20 and 17 study sections, respectively. Catfishes were hand-netted, measured (standard length), weighed, marked by subcutaneous injection of biocompatible pigments, and released. The four species show medium-to-low mean population densities (0.03 ind/m2 0.7 ind/m2). Capture-mark-recapture data pointed to a relatively small population size for I. passensis, restricted to a 1600 m long stream inside Passa Três cave (N = 719) and for I. bambui (N = 246; 300 m of epikarstic drainage). Ituglanis passensis and I. bambui move along relatively small areas with a restricted home range. We observed recruitment patterns and a trend of decrease in condition factor during the dry seasons for I. bambui but not for I. passensis, suggesting that epikarstic waters are probably more limiting concerning food input. Ituglanis passensis and I. bambui showed low growth and consequently high longevity, corroborated by captivity data (20 years). We suggest urgent actions and long-term monitoring projects to effectively protect this unique and endemic ichthyofauna.
- Nesting Biology and conservation of the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) in Espírito Santo State, Brazil, 1988-1989 to 2003-2004.(Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 2007-05-01) THOMÉ, J. C. A; BAPTISTOTTE, C; MOREIRA, L. M. P; SCALFONI, J. T; ALMEIDA, A. P; RIETH, D. B; BARATA, P. C. RIn Brazil, the only area where regular leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) nesting is known to occur is located on the northern coast of the state of Espı´rito Santo, around latitude 198S. In this study, we present the field methods used by Projeto TAMAR-IBAMA (the Brazilian Sea Turtle Conservation Program) in the state of Espı´rito Santo and analyze data on leatherback nesting from 1988–1989 to 2003–2004. In that period, 527 nests were observed in the study area. The annual number of nests varied between 6 (in 1993–1994) and 92 (in 2002–2003). Between 1995–1996 and 2003–2004, the annual number of nests increased at about 20.4% per year on average. Among the 527 clutches observed, 358 (67.9%) were left in situ, 50 (9.5%) were relocated to another spot on the beach, 88 (16.7%) were relocated to open-air beach hatcheries, and 31 clutches (5.9%) did not have their management decision recorded. Curved carapace length of nesting females was in the range of 139–182 cm (mean ¼ 159.8 cm). At present, there is no significant alteration of the nesting habitat in Espı´rito Santo, egg poaching has been reduced to very low levels, and there is no subsistence hunting for sea turtles of any species. The main challenges to leatherback conservation currently are the incidental capture in artisanal fisheries operating close to nesting beaches and in high seas fisheries operating in the South Atlantic, as well as activities related to the oil industry. An overview of Projeto TAMAR’s actions addressing current sea turtle conservation issues in the State of Espı´rito Santo is presented.
Item New records of the troglobitic Hyalella veredae Cardoso & Bueno, 2014 (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Hyalellidae) from Minas Gerais caves, southeast Brazil, with notes on its natural history(2021-01-18) Elina Bichuette, Maria; A. P. Bueno, Alessandra; P. A. Resende, Leonardo; Zepon, TamiresSince its description, the troglobitic amphipod Hyalella veredae Cardoso & Bueno, 2014 has been recorded only in its type locality, Vereda da Palha cave, in southeastern Brazil. We report this species from three other caves in the region, expanding its distribution by at least 20 km². Inter- and intra-population variability in eye size was observed. Two caves had larger populations, probably due to the presence of biofilm. The species was classified as Critically Endangered due to its restricted area of occurrence, and regional impacts and threats.- New records of the troglobitic Hyalella veredae Cardoso & Bueno, 2014 (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Hyalellidae) from Minas Gerais caves, southeast Brazil, with notes on its natural history(2021-01-18) Zepon, Tamires; Resende, Leonardo; Bueno, Alessandra Angélica de Pádua ; Bichuette, Maria ElinaSince its description, the troglobitic amphipod Hyalella veredae Cardoso & Bueno, 2014 has been recorded only in its type locality, Vereda da Palha cave, in southeastern Brazil. We report this species from three other caves in the region, expanding its distribution by at least 20 km². Inter- and intra-population variability in eye size was observed. Two caves had larger populations, probably due to the presence of biofilm. The species was classified as Critically Endangered due to its restricted area of occurrence, and regional impacts and threats.
Item A new species of Spelunconiscus (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Styloniscidae) for Brazilian caves: new record for the type species and an emended diagnosis for the genus(2022) Bastos-Pereira, Rafaela; Souza, Leila Aparecida ; Sandi, Beatriz ; Ferreira, RodrigoSpelunconiscus Campos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, 2014 is a monotypic genus of the family Styloniscidae represented by a troglobitic species, Spelunconiscus castroi Campos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, 2014, from the cave MOC-32, in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. New representatives of this family were found in three additional caves, which revealed a new species, Spelunconiscus septemlacuum sp. nov., from Taboa and Tatuzinhos caves and a new occurrence for the type-species in Retiro cave. The original diagnosis of Spelunconiscus is emended due to the discovery of a spur-like structure in the male pereopod VII ischium, as well as some supplementary traits that have not been previously considered. Spelunconiscus septemlacuum sp. nov. differs from S. castroi in the number of articles of the antennal flagellum, in the proportion between this flagellum and 5th article of peduncle of antenna, in the size of maxilliped endite, in the morphology of male pleopod II and in body size. A discussion is provided for both taxonomic and ecological concerns.Item A new species of the troglobitic genus Spelaeogammarus da Silva Brum, 1975 (Amphipoda: Artesiidae) from a cave in the Brazilian semi-arid region, with new records of its congener, Spelaeogammarus spinilacertus Koenemann and Holsinger, 2000(2022-06-17) Bueno, Alessandra Angélica de Pádua; Bichuette, Maria Elina; Zepon, Tamires; Penoni, Ludmila RochaWe propose a new species of the troglobitic genus Spelaeogammarus da Silva Brum, 1975, with data on its distribution, ecology, aspects of behavior, and conservation status. Spelaeogammarusginae sp. nov. occurs in a single cave in the Serra do Ramalho karst area, of the northeastern Brazilian semi-arid region. We also provide new data on the distribution and conservation status of its congener, Spelaeogammarus spinilacertus Koenemann and Holsinger, 2000 that occurs in the upper phreatic aquifer inside caves from Chapada Diamantina domain. Both species occur in caves in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil.- Not just another mixed stock analysis: green turtles of Espírito Santo, Brazil.(2010) NARO-MACIEL, E; MARTIN, M; BONDIOLI, A. C. V; ALMEIDA, A. P; TOREZANI, E; BAPTISTOTTE, C; MARCOVALDI, M. A; AMATO, G; DE SALLE, RIn the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, sea turtles are exposed to myriad threats including disease, fisheries bycatch, and industrial or coastal development, but protected by effective conservation organizations. In Espirito Santo, Brazil, green turtles (Chelonia mydas) with relatively high incidence of fibropapillomatosis tumors routinely strand in the vicinity of the state capital, Vitória, a highly urbanized area that encompasses the effluent discharge channel of a local steel plant. This is also a particularly interesting population because of its relative proximity to the regionally important Trindade Island rookery, whose feeding grounds have not been convincingly identified to date. To investigate the population distribution of the at-risk turtles, we sequenced a segment of the mitochondrial control region (862 bp; n = 132). Eight mtDNA haplotypes were revealed, of which the most common were CMA-08 and CMA-05. Haplotypes CMA-06 and CMA-09 were each found in six individuals, and rare haplotypes CMA-03, CMA-10, CMA-23, and CMA-32 were also detected. Two kinds of "many-to-many" mixed stock analyses were carried out, taking into account or alternately disregarding source nesting population size. The same approach was taken with traditional MSAS ("one-to-many"), and the main differences between the "one-to-many" and "many-to-many" results are reported. The analyses that included population size and all available data were most consistent with expectations. We recommend caution when employing different mixed stock analysis methods, and emphasize the importance of exploring alternate ways of investigating the origins of mixed stocks, including modeling approaches. These data will provide insight into population isolation and conservation priorities necessary to establish whether areas should be managed as independent units or as regional populations, and will clarify questions of scale in conservation and management, providing a scientific basis for conservation prioritization.
- Pandora is on Earth: new species of Eukoenenia (Palpigradi) emerging at risk of extinction(2018) Souza, Maysa F. V. R.; Ferreira, Rodrigo L.In 2008 the change to the Brazilian legislation regarding the use of natural caves has caused an increase in the number of studies on environmental impacts involving caves. The legislation requires the classification of such environments according to their importance, and caves that are not classified highly may be irreversibly impacted. Thus, caves in rocks of high economic interest have been intensively sampled, which has resulted in the collection of several specimens of Palpigradi in them. The Iron Quadrangle (in Minas Gerais state) stands out among these areas as one the most important sources of iron ore in Brazil. Several palpigrades from this region are housed in collections: most of them belong to the edaphic species Eukoenenia ferratilis, and a small portion belong to new species that are morphologically quite distinct fromE. ferratilis, with longer bodies and more elongated appendages, indicating the presence of troglomorphisms. Therefore, the present study aimed to describe three new troglobitic species ofEukoenenia, which can be distinguished morphometrically and by means of some qualitative characters. These descriptions are important for the preservation of the caves where they occur, since the presence of troglobitic species increases the relevance of the caves, which have been severely threatened by mining activities.