Navegando por Assunto "Chiroptera"

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Artigo
An Exceptionally High Bat Species Richness in a Cave Conservation Hotspot in Central Brazil
(2021-07-09) Barros, Jennifer de Sousa; Bernard, Enrico; Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes
Caves are among the most used and important roosts for hundreds of bat species worldwide. However, caves remain some of the least known and most threatened environments globally. Documenting the richness of bat species in caves is important not only to draw attention to the uniqueness and relevance of these roosts, but it also contributes to the identification of priority sites for the conservation of bats and the cave fauna dependent upon them. Here, we assessed and described an exceptionally high bat richness in a group of caves in southeastern Tocantins, central Brazil. Inventories carried out in 19 caves resulted in seven families and 31 bat species, of which three were new regional records. Twelve caves were used by threatened and endangered bat species, eight had high diversity indices, and seven caves had high species richness, including one cave that may hold a world record with 26 bat species found inside. The variation in beta diversity is mainly due to species turnover, which indicates that protecting the largest possible number of caves would be ideal for the most efficient conservation of local bat assemblages. The sampled region stands out for its high potential for the conservation of endangered species, and we strongly recommend the full protection of 15 caves classified as a priority for conservation.
Artigo
An exceptionally high bat species richness in a cave conservation hotspot in Central Brazil
(2021-06) Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes; de Sousa Barros, Jennifer; Bernard, Enrico
Caves are among the most used and important roosts for hundreds of bat species worldwide. However, caves remain some of the least known and most threatened environments globally. Documenting the richness of bat species in caves is important not only to draw attention to the uniqueness and relevance of these roosts, but it also contributes to the identification of priority sites for the conservation of bats and the cave fauna dependent upon them. Here, we assessed and described an exceptionally high bat richness in a group of caves in southeastern Tocantins, central Brazil. Inventories carried out in 19 caves resulted in seven families and 31 bat species, of which three were new regional records. Twelve caves were used by threatened and endangered bat species, eight had high diversity indices, and seven caves had high species richness, including one cave that may hold a world record with 26 bat species found inside. The variation in beta diversity is mainly due to species turnover, which indicates that protecting the largest possible number of caves would be ideal for the most efficient conservation of local bat assemblages. The sampled region stands out for its high potential for the conservation of endangered species, and we strongly recommend the full protection of 15 caves classified as a priority for conservation.
Texto publicado em jornal
Análise de relevância de cavernas: uma revisão da IN 02/2017 sob a perspectiva dos morcegos
(2020-11) Barros, Jennifer; Da Cunha Tavares, Valeria; Dias-Silva, Leonardo Henrique; Milagres, Augusto; da Rocha, Patrício Adriano; Guimarães, Maricelio; Bernard, Enrico
A relação entre várias espécies de morcegos e ecossistemas cavernícolas é altamente especializada, complexa e frágil. Comunidades de invertebrados cavernícolas são, frequentemente, dependentes do guano dos morcegos para sua sobrevivência, assim como os próprios morcegos dependem também destes abrigos para atividades sociais, proteção, descanso e reprodução. No Brasil, espécies associadas a cavernas tornaram-se mais susceptíveis a impactos decorrentes da destruição de seus abrigos, principalmente após alterações na legislação que flexibilizaram a proteção desses ambientes. A atual legislação determina que cavernas inseridas em áreas passíveis de licenciamento ambiental devem passar por um processo de classificação quanto ao seu grau de relevância. Estas regras estão incluídas na Instrução Normativa 02/2017 do Ministério do Meio Ambiente. Avaliamos aqui as disposições na IN 02/2017 considerando o grupo dos morcegos como foco específico, e considerando a clareza, objetividade, e aplicabilidade prática da normativa, bem como pontos frágeis e critérios subjetivos que necessitam de modificações. Identificamos trechos cuja redação é subjetiva, vaga ou imprecisa, tornando alguns dos critérios apontados para a designação de relevância problemáticos quando analisados sob o enfoque do grupo dos morcegos. Sugerimos que a IN passe por extensa atualização, com alterações de redação, exclusão de alguns critérios (e.g., espécies com função ecológica importante; troglóxenos obrigatório) e inclusão de outros (e.g., presença de fêmeas grávidas e filhotes).
Artigo
Análise de relevância de cavernas: uma revisão da IN 02/2017 sob a perspectiva dos morcegos
(2020-11) Barros, Jennifer; Da Cunha Tavares, Valeria; Henrique Dias-Silva, Leonardo; Milagres, Augusto
A relação entre várias espécies de morcegos e ecossistemas cavernícolas é altamente especializada, complexa e frágil. Comunidades de invertebrados cavernícolas são, frequentemente, dependentes do guano dos morcegos para sua sobrevivência, assim como os próprios morcegos dependem também destes abrigos para atividades sociais, proteção, descanso e reprodução. No Brasil, espécies associadas a cavernas tornaram-se mais susceptíveis a impactos decorrentes da destruição de seus abrigos, principalmente após alterações na legislação que flexibilizaram a proteção desses ambientes. A atual legislação determina que cavernas inseridas em áreas passíveis de licenciamento ambiental devem passar por um processo de classificação quanto ao seu grau de relevância. Estas regras estão incluídas na Instrução Normativa 02/2017 do Ministério do Meio Ambiente. Avaliamos aqui as disposições na IN 02/2017 considerando o grupo dos morcegos como foco específico, e considerando a clareza, objetividade, e aplicabilidade prática da normativa, bem como pontos frágeis e critérios subjetivos que necessitam de modificações. Identificamos trechos cuja redação é subjetiva, vaga ou imprecisa, tornando alguns dos critérios apontados para a designação de relevância problemáticos quando analisados sob o enfoque do grupo dos morcegos. Sugerimos que a IN passe por extensa atualização, com alterações de redação, exclusão de alguns critérios (e.g., espécies com função ecológica importante; troglóxenos obrigatório) e inclusão de outros (e.g., presença de fêmeas grávidas e filhotes).
Texto publicado em revista
Bat mobility and roosts in a fragmented landscape in central Amazonia, Brazil
(Biotropica, 2003) Bernard, Enrico; Fenton, M. Brock
Artigo
Bat species diversity from Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a compilation of two decades of sampling
(2023-11-25) Pires, Rayssa S.A.; Soares, Gabriella; Souza, Renan F.; Teixeira, Tiago S.M.; Monteiro-Alves, Priscila S.; Lourenço, Elizabete C.; Bergallo, Helena G.; Costa, Luciana M.; Santori, Ricardo T.; Esbérard, Carlos E.L.; Moratelli, Ricardo; Novaes, Roberto L.M.
Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu (REGUA) is a private, protected area inside a remnant of the Atlantic Forest with high biodiversity. Although the bats of the reserve have been sampled for more than two decades, few studies have been published about them. Based on a compilation of data from several surveys, we present an updated list of the bat species there and compare it with surveys from other locations in the Atlantic Forest. From August 1998 to September 2021, at least 194 sampling nights were carried out at REGUA by different research groups from various institutions, totaling 448,092 m2.h of sampling. A total of 4,069 individuals were captured, belonging to 47 species and six families. Additionally, our results indicate that it is possible that some species that occur at REGUA have not been recorded yet. REGUA has the greatest num ber of bat species known for the Atlantic Forest. This most likely results from the fact that the reserve includes large areas of mature, continuous forest connected with other protected areas in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Another factor contributing to the high diversity of bat species at REGUA is that the area has been intensely sampled for many years. Given that the bat assemblage there appears to be a good proxy to ascertain the ecological patterns of biodiversity in well-preserved forests, we consider REGUA to be an important area for long-term ecological research. The basic knowledge about the ecological interactions of bats with different food resources and zoonotic microorganisms offers a unique opportunity to carry out research in several areas of knowledge, making it possible to address questions about bat assemblage structure, bat-parasite ecology, competition, niche partitioning, and other related studies.
Artigo
Bats of the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brasil
(Chiroptera Neotropical, 2010-07) Tavares, Valéria da C.; Aguiar, Ludmilla M. de S.; Perini, Fernando A.; Falcão, Fábio C.; Gregorin, Renato
Texto publicado em revista
A biodiversity assessment of bats(Chiroptera) in a tropical lowland rainforest of central Amazonia, including methodological and conservation considerations
(Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 2003) Sampaio, Erica M.; Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.; Bernard, Enrico; Rodríguez-Herrera, Bernal; Handley Jr, Charles O.
Chiroptera , inventários , amostragem métodos , conservação , Amazônia Central.
Artigo
Change in the composition of cave-dwelling bats after a 53-year interval at the Gruta do Limoeiro (Espírito Santo, Brazil)
(2022-11-23) Ditchfield, Albert David; Hoppe, João Paulo Maires; Andrade, Gabriella Marchezi; Tahara, Arthur Setsuo; Martins, Felipe de Melo; Scabello, Mirela; Oprea, Monik; Coutinho, Rafael Zerbini; Pimenta, Vinícius Teixeira; Vieira, Thiago Bernardi
An especially interesting question is “How many species of bats can be found simultaneously in the same cave?” This information is surprisingly rare in the literature, mainly in the Neotropics. The aim of this study was to sample bats in Gruta do Limoeiro cave, Municipality of Castelo, State of Espírito Santo, Brazil after a 53-year interval of the first survey, by the naturalist Augusto Ruschi. Four surveys were conducted in 2005 and 2006, capturing bats with mist-nets and actively exploring the cave. We recorded eleven species of three families, Phyllostomidae, Vespertilionidae and Molossidae, making Gruta do Limoeiro cave one of the most diverse caves in the World for bats. Of the 14 species found by Ruschi, seven were still present, and four species were added. The seven species lost from Ruschi’s list are mainly Emballonuridae and some Phyllostomidae, probably due to landscape changes. We recommend the long-term monitoring of the Gruta do Limoeiro cave to understand the loss in diversity, and consequently in ecosystem services.
Artigo
Chiropterofauna (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from the Altamiro de Moura Pacheco State Park, Goiás, Brazil
(2024-01-09) Carvalho, Erica Santos de; Pena, Simone Almeida; Alexandre, Rafaela Jemely Rodrigues; Dias-Silva, Karina; Bastos, Rogério Pereira; Oprea, Monik; Brito, Daniel; Silva, Jessica Conceição da; Vieira, Thiago Bernardi
The Brazilian Cerrado is undergoing important changes. It is estimated that 70% of its natural area has converted to human use. The loss and fragmentation of natural habitats is considered the main cause of species loss in ecosystems. However, the lack of knowledge of biodiversity makes it difficult to design effective conservation measures. This article presents a list and an estimate of the richness of bats in the Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco (PEAMP) in Goiás. All collected bats belong to the Phyllostomidae family, with Carollia perspicillata (67%) and Artibeus planirostris (18%) representing 86% of the captured individuals.
Artigo
Comparativo entre métodos de amostragens e estudo da composição da comunidade de quirópteros do carste do munícipio de Matozinhos, Minas Gerais
(2024-01) Souza, Marco Túlio Magalhães; Silva, Jackson Souza
Apesar do Brasil possuir um rico patrimônio espeleológico e uma grande diversidade de quirópteros, poucos estudos foram realizados sobre as comunidades de morcegos presentes em cavidades naturais subterrâneas. O principal objetivo deste estudo é realizar a comparação entre os métodos de amostragens mais empregados em estudos de morcegos que utilizam cavernas, bem como analisar a estrutura da comunidade de Chiroptera que faz uso da área cárstica, presente no município de Matozinhos, estado de Minas Gerais, inserida no Carste de Lagoa Santa. No presente estudo dois métodos foram aplicados ao longo de quatro eventos de amostragens distintos, sendo aplicada a busca ativa por abrigos diurnos durante os meses de agosto/setembro e dezembro de 2016, e método de espera com uso de redes de neblina (mist nets) nos meses de setembro e dezembro de 2020. Foram capturados, ao todo, 164 indivíduos, sendo nove espécies pertencentes à Família Phyllostomidae, duas à Família Vespertilionidae e uma à Família Emballonuridae. De modo geral, o emprego do método de espera com uso de redes de neblina, neste comparativo, provou ser mais apropriado para amostragens de quirópteros, uma vez que, foi mais eficiente em demonstrar a estrutura da comunidade de morcegos que utilizam as áreas cársticas na região de Matozinhos-MG.
Artigo
Compilação atualizada das espécies de morcegos (Chiroptera) para a Amazônia Brasileira
(Biota Neotropica, 2011) Bernard, Enrico; Tavares, Valéria da Cunha; Sampaio, Erica
Compilação atualizada das espécies de morcegos da Amazônia Legal Brasileira, com registros formais de 146 espécies, distribuídas em nove famílias, e 64 gêneros
Artigo
O conhecimento sobre morcegos(Chiroptera: Mammalia) do estado do Espírito Santo, sudeste do Brasil
(Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 2010) Mendes, Poliana; Vieira, Thiago Bernardi; Oprea, Monik; Lopes, Sílvia Ramira; Ditchfield, Albert David; Zortéa, Marlon
Artigo
Diet, activity and reproduction of bat species (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in Central Amazonia, Brazil
(Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 2002) Bernard, Enrico
Artigo
Distribution and morphometrics of natalus stramineus from south america (chiroptera, natalidae)
(Iheringia, 2001-11) Taddei, Valdir Antonio; Uieda, Wilson
Texto publicado em jornal
Ecological preferences of neotropical cave bats in roost site selection and their implications for conservation
(2020-06) de Sousa Barros, Jennifer; Bernard, Enrico; Lopes Ferreira, Rodrigo
Bats frequently use caves as roosts due to higher environmental stability and protection. However, species-specific ecological and physiological requirements and conditions of roosts and their surroundings can influence species presence. Little is known on cave choice by bats in the Neotropics, a species- and cave-rich region. Understanding how bats, cave characteristics and the surrounding landscape are related with each other helps the management and conservation of bats and caves. Based on sampling 19 caves using both diurnal observations and captures, we tested (1) whether bat richness was positively related to cave temperature, humidity, size, stability, and heterogeneity of microhabitats, and the preservation and heterogeneity of the surrounding landscape in central Brazil; (2) whether cave and landscape characteristics influenced on species composition; (3) how species responded to cave and landscape variables; and (4) whether these relationships changed between seasons. Temperature was a limiting factor, whereas environmental stability, humidity, and structural attributes of caves favored the occurrence of more species. Larger caves, rich in microhabitats – but more stable than the external environment – supported more species, especially in the dry season. Landscape context did not influence species richness and composition in the caves, but the percentage of vegetation around caves was important for certain species. Our results highlight the influence of environmental variables in the process of cave selection by Neotropical bat species. Moreover, we emphasize the importance of cave protection for bats and provide useful information for decision-making in processes of environmental licensing.
Artigo
Estimates of insect consumption and guano input in bat caves in Brazil
(2022-03-12) Pimentel, Narjara Tércia; da Rocha, Patrício Adriano; Pedroso, Mônica Aparecida; Bernard, Enrico
Bat caves harbor exceptional populations of insectivorous bats. Those bats play an important role as insect suppressors and produce large quantities of guano, which is essential for maintaining cave ecosystems since entire highly specialized cave biotas may heavily rely on bat guano as their main energy input. Although ecologically relevant, few studies have estimated insect consumption and guano input in Neotropical bat caves. We provide estimates for five bat caves used by Pteronotus gymnonotus and P. personatus (Mormoopidae) in northeastern Brazil. Using a non-invasive automated system, we counted bats, then captured and weighted individuals to estimate insect consumption, and, with collectors and rulers, estimated the amount and speed of guano accumulation in cave sectors. Bat abundance varied between and within caves, up to 158,884 bats, indicating highly dynamic occupation patterns. Insect consumption varied from 0.6 to 2.5 g/bat for P. gymnonotus (~5 to 20% of their body weight) and 0.8 to 2.0 g/bat for P. personatus (~10 to 28% of their body weight). Guano deposition was spatially and temporally heterogeneous (from 0 to 738 g/m2/96h). Some caves showed a 15-cm increase in guano deposits on the cave floor in 7 months. Bulky guano deposits in those caves stressed the bat role as insect suppressors. The present study provides baseline quantitative data on the contributions of bats to cave ecosystems and valuable data for estimates of ecosystem services provided by bats.
Artigo
Fauna de dipteros parasitas(Diptera: Streblidar) e taxas de infestação em morcegos presentes em cavidades articificiais em Minas Gerais
(Chiroptera Neotropical, 2010-12) Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes; Teixeira, Amanda L. M
Artigo
Filling data gaps on the diversity and distribution of Amazonian bats (Chiroptera): the case of Amapá, easternmost Brazil
(Zoologia, 2011-04) Martins, Ana C. M.; Bernard, Enrico; Gregorin, Renato; Silva, Wanuyze A. S.
Texto publicado em jornal
Inside or out? Cave size and landscape effects on cave-roosting bat assemblages in Brazilian Caatinga caves
(2020-04-08) Carlos Vargas-Mena, Juan; Cordero-Schmidt, Eugenia; Rodriguez-Herrera, Bernal; A. Medellín, Rodrigo; de Medeiros Bento, Diego; M. Venticinque, Eduardo; Jorge Ortega
Cave bats have an intimate association with their roosts. Size, structural heterogeneity, and microclimatic conditions are traits of caves known to affect the structure of these assemblages. The effects of the natural and anthropogenic landscape factors around caves on the structure of these assemblages are poorly known, especially in areas with large cave clusters. We assessed the effects of cave size and surrounding landscape attributes on the richness and species composition of cave-roosting bats in 13 caves distributed in two landscapes with large cave clusters in Caatinga dry forests, Brazil. In a 1-km buffer around caves, we obtained 13 internal cave and external landscape variables. Candidate univariate models using generalized linear models were constructed and the Akaike information criterion was used for model selection. The cave size model explained richness and variance in the species composition; larger caves tended to have greater richness and assemblage composition varied depending on the cave size, hence affecting the occurrence of certain species, some of conservation concern (Natalus macrourus, Furipterus horrens). The cave connectivity model affected only the richness; caves located in denser cave clusters had higher richness likely attributed to movement of bats among caves by a more diverse array of species. Both environmental and anthropic variables affected species composition, but differently depending of the landscape context of cave location (protected versus nonprotected area). The extent these landscape variables affected the species composition was due to species-specific responses, and observed in the mean colony sizes of the species shared between the cave systems. All the landscape variables that we tested affected the structuring process of cave-roosting bats assemblages, and evidences that variables found in disturbed karstic landscapes also affect the structure of the assemblage (e.g., large colonies of vampire bats). However, the ubiquitous effect of cave size on both richness and species composition reinforces the critical importance of the roost in the life of these flying mammals.