Navegando por Assunto "Caatinga"
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Item Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones)(Revista Ibérica de Aracnologia, 2003) Kury, Adriano B.Item Aspectos geoambientais do bioma Caatinga aplicados ao sensoriamento remoto: O caso de estudo do Parque Nacional de Ubajara-CE(2022) Freire, Neison Cabral Ferreira; Moura, Débora Coelho; Moura, Alexandrina Saldanha Sobreira de; Silva, Janaína Barbosa da; Silveira, José Henrique Porto; Darly Fernando AndradeO Parque Nacional de Ubajara, ou PARNA de Ubajara, localiza-se ao noroeste do Estado do Ceará, Nordeste do Brasil. Este parque é uma importante Unidade de Conservação (UC) da biodiversidade do Planalto de Ibiapaba que compreende, após sua expansão, uma área de 6.299 hectares. Trata-se de uma importante unidade sedimentar do Nordeste brasileiro - a Unidade Geomórfica do Meio-Norte, conhecida também como Bacia Sedimentar do Parnaíba ou Bacia Sedimentar do Piauí-Maranhão. Este ambiente espélicos e caracteriza como um dos mais importantes do Brasil, com 14 grutas e cavernas descritas, sendo a “Gruta Ubajara” a mais conhecida e visitada do Parque. O Parque possui extensa área de cobertura, além da área de amortecimento, apresentando-se em excelente estado de conservação, como observado durante a pesquisa de campo em 2015. Contudo, a expansão imobiliária desordenada, a agricultura de subsistência e a pecuária extensiva da bacia leiteira vêm ocasionando graves ameaças para os gestores da UC, demandando maiores esforços para a fiscalização e o monitoramento da área. Nesse aspecto, o Sensoriamento Remoto emerge como uma solução viável para o monitoramento ambiental, tanto pela visão sinótica, como temporal, de extensas áreas que podem ser imageadas pelos satélites de observação da Terra, permitindo a rápida extração de informações precisas sobre o uso e ocupação do solo e sua dinâmica espaço-temporal. Nesse estudo, imagens de satélites foram utilizadas para mapear a UC, revelando aspectos e dados importantes para a gestão ambiental da área, tais como: a conservação da biodiversidade que pode ser medida pelos índices de vegetação utilizados e descrito no capítulo, o desmatamento ilegal e os possíveis impactos das mudanças climáticas, dentre outras possibilidades de investigação científica passíveis de serem executadas.Item Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Ubajara National Park, Ceará, Brazil: a diversity assessment using complementary sampling methods(2024-09-16) Pavan, A.C.; Urbieta, G.L; Ramalho, W.P; et al.Bats are unique among mammals in their capacity for powered flight and present high species diversity and feeding habits in the Neotropical region. Despite the remarkable increase in knowledge on the distribution of neotropical bats in recent decades, information on the species’ occurrence throughout Brazil is still widely heterogeneous, with significant knowledge gaps in many biomes. The Ubajara National Park (PNU), northwestern Ceará, is an area of extreme biodiversity in the Caatinga biome, characterized by several natural caves associated with a noticeable bat community. Herein, we carried out a complementary inventory of bat diversity in the PNU, focusing on six caves and their surrounding foraging sites. Two surveys totaling 36 sampling nights were conducted using complementary methods such as mist nets, harp trap, roosting searches, and acoustic monitoring. Thirty species of bats belonging to eight families were recorded. We found significant complementarity between the sampling methods resulting in the stabilization of the rarefaction curve. Eight species were found in roosting colonies in at least one of the sampled cavities. A total of 965 individuals from 18 species, with the majority belonging to the family Phyllostomidae, were recorded using active sampling techniques. Passive acoustic monitoring yielded 14 different sonotypes of species from the Emballonuridae, Mormoopidae, Molossidae, Vespertilionidae, and Noctilionidae families. The acoustic activity of bats from distinct families was higher in the dry season and varied throughout the night. Two species registered with passive acoustic monitoring were among the captured ones, thus reinforcing the importance of diversifying methodologies to obtain more complete bat inventories.Item Bats of the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brasil(Chiroptera Neotropical, 2010-07) Tavares, Valéria da C.; Aguiar, Ludmilla M. de S.; Perini, Fernando A.; Falcão, Fábio C.; Gregorin, RenatoItem Before it’s too late: priority areas for conservation of cryptic and threatened species of troglobitic arthropods in the Brazilian semiarid(2024-04-18) Bento, Diego de Medeiros; Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes; Vasconcelos, Santelmo; Lima, Jamily Lorena Ramos de; Oliveira, Guilherme; Silva, Tiago Castro; Lima, Sergio Maia QueirozOne of the most important steps in identifying priority areas for conservation is the assessment of species richness and their extinction risks. While most species remain undescribed, the identification of cryptic lineages is frequent in phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies. This is particularly common in troglobites, exclusively subterranean organisms. The Jandaíra Formation, in the Brazilian semiarid, combines the occurrence of extensive karstic areas with hundreds of caves and subterranean aquifers in a region with intense paleoclimatic changes. This region is recognized for the richness of troglobitic species, some of which are widely distributed in heterogeneous areas. This suggests cryptic lineages that can be differentially exposed to anthropogenic threats, with distinct extinction risks regarding the nominal taxa of which they putatively belong. To test it, a large sampling was conducted and, by means of lineage delimitation analyses, the genetic structure of four troglobitic taxa, three aquatic and one terrestrial, was evaluated. In addition, the extinction risk of these lineages was assessed and priority areas for conservation were identified. The results indicated that while Cirolanidae sp. 1 (Isopoda) is a single species widely distributed, Cirolanidae sp. 2, Potiberaba porakuara (Amphipoda) and Kinnapotiguara troglobia (Hemiptera) present an extensive diversity of cryptic and endemic lineages, most of which are likely new threatened species. Furthermore, two priority areas for conservation of these lineages were identified. Thus, comparative phylogeography may represent a first step in the conservation of subterranean taxa, indicating areas that should be prioritized in a context of increasing threats and dwindling conservation resources.- Características da cavidade-ninho e do microhábitat que influenciam o sucesso reprodutivo da maracanã, Primolius maracana, na região de Curaçá, Bahia(2018) Prates, Cristine, da Silveira Figueiredo; Lugarini, Camile; Rechetelo, JulianaCompreender como as características do microhábitat e da cavidade utilizadas para nidificação influenciam o sucesso reprodutivo da maracanã, Primolius maracana, é importante para determinar como as aves estão usando o ambiente e identificar os principais fatores ambientais influenciando a reprodução. Essas informações podem ser usadas para ações de manejo e conservação, além de auxiliar na compreensão de padrões da história natural da espécie. A maracanã possui ampla distribuição no Brasil, mas pouco se sabe sobre aspectos ecológicos básicos na escolha da cavidade-ninho e do sítio reprodutivo. Assim, nosso estudo teve como objetivo avaliar como a estrutura do ambiente e as características da cavidade-ninho influenciam o sucesso reprodutivo (quantidade de ovos total) da maracanã, Primolius maracana, na região de Curaçá, Bahia. Esse estudo foi realizado na região de Curaçá, Bahia, entre setembro de 2016 a abril de 2018. Um total de 38 variáveis foram amostradas. Para coleta das variáveis ambientais do microhábitat, um raio de 50 metros foi estabelecido ao redor de cada ninho. As espécies vegetais foram contabilizadas e classificadas quanto ao diâmetro à altura do solo (DAS) e em nível de espécie quando utilizadas pela maracanã como recurso alimentar. Os ovos foram monitorados durante duas estações reprodutivas num intervalo de 15 a 60 dias, de uma a quatro vezes, cada ninho. Para avaliar se houve diferença significativa para cada variável da estrutura do habitat, fizemos o teste-t Weltch entre ninhos ativos e inativos. Para verificar quais variáveis da estrutura do habitat poderiam melhor explicar o sucesso da maracanã em Curaçá, utilizamos a regressão logística. Para encontrar qual o melhor modelo preditivo para o sucesso dos ninhos, utilizamos todas as combinações possíveis das variáveis da estrutura do ambiente (função dredge - pacote MuMIn). Dentre as variáveis da cavidade-ninho, observamos que ninhos ativos apresentam uma profundidade para baixo maior que ninhos inativos (t= 2.356, df= 25.75 e p= 0.02). A partir de um modelo global com 27 variáveis de estrutura do ambiente, construímos os três modelos preditivos que melhor explicassem o sucesso reprodutivo da maracanã. Observamos que, no geral, a densidade de algaroba (Prosopis juliflora), altura da árvore ninho e densidade de quixabeira (Sideroxylon obtusifolium) são as variáveis que mais explicam o sucesso dos ninhos (presente em todos os modelos) assim como a variável diâmetro maior da abertura do ninho (DMA) (presente em dois modelos). O melhor modelo preditivo (df= 6, AICc= 136.8, AIC= 0 e peso= 0.49) aponta que a algaroba e DMA estão negativamente correlacionadas com o sucesso dos ninhos (p 0.000 e p 0.000, respectivamente), enquanto que a altura da árvore, profundidade para trás (PRF trás) e a quixabeira estão positivamente relacionada ao sucesso (p 0.000, p = 0.01 e p 0.000). O sucesso reprodutivo das maracanãs pode estar associado a facilidade ou dificuldade da predação dos ovos, árvores mais altas e com menor DMA dificultam o acesso de predadores, a visibilidade do conteúdo do ninho e evitam a entrada de predadores de maior porte. As variáveis relacionadas a disponibilidade alimentar mostraram que a espécie exótica e invasora, algaroba, influência de forma negativa o sucesso reprodutivo enquanto que a quixabeira, espécie nativa com frutificação abundante no período de incubação dos ovos pode ser um fator importante no sucesso reprodutivo.
Item Censo da Zenaida auriculata noronha fora da época de reprodução no Nordeste(CAD. ÔMEGA UNIV. FED. RURAL PE. SER. BIOL., 1987) Azevedo Jr, S. M. de; Antas, Paulo de Tarso Zurquim; Nascimento, João L. X.Item Composition, microgeographic variation, and sexual dimorphism in caatinga and cerrado bat communities from northeast Brazil(Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 1983) Willig, Michael REstudo sobre a composição, variação microgeográfica, e dimorfismo sexual em caatinga e cerrado de comunidades de morcegos nordeste do BrasilItem Cryptops (Cryptops) spelaeoraptor n. sp. a remarkable troglobitic species (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from Brazil(Zootaxa, 2014) Ázara, Ludson Neves; Ferreira, Rodrigo LopesNeotrópicos, Cryptopidae, Taxonomia,- Dieta por Anodorhynchus leari Bonaparte, 1856 (Aves: Psittacidae) em palmeira de licuri na caatinga baiana.(2014-03) LIMA, D. M.; TENÓRIO, S.; GOMES, K.
Item Diversity and conservation of fishes from karstic areas of the Jandaíra Formation in the Brazilian semiarid(2023-03-06) Abrantes, Yuri Gomes; Bennemann, Ana Beatriz Alves; Lustosa-Costa, Silvia Yasmin; Bento, Diego de Medeiros; Ramos, Telton Pedro Anselmo; Lima, Sergio Maia QueirozFew studies have focused on non-troglomorphic fishes occurring in Brazilian caves, especially those in the Caatinga region. The present study is the first survey of fishes from karstic areas of the Jandaíra Formation in Rio Grande do Norte State, northeastern Brazil. This region is characterized by a high concentration of caves and a rich subterranean biodiversity, especial-ly of troglobitic invertebrates, but remains considered a gap on the knowledge of the subterranean ichthyofauna in Brazil. Four field expeditions were carried out covering two dry and two rainy seasons, in 2018 and 2019, in 23 localities in small river ba-sins along the western part of the Jandaíra Formation. A total of 829 fish specimens, none of them troglomorphic, was captured and identified as belonging to 25 species of 12 families and five orders. Amongst them, four species are endemic of the Mid-Northeastern Caatinga ecoregion, and two non-native species were recorded. Habitats were classified into three categories: su-perficial, associated to cave, and cave. Although no troglomorphic fish species was found in this study, we recorded 64.1% of the Apodi-Mossoró river ichthyofauna occurring in caves or associated to caves, corroborating the hypothesis that part of the ichthyofauna exploits these environments as a refuge during the dry season. In addition, we suggest conservation policies for the maintenance of subterranean and aquatic semiarid ecosystems in the Jandaira formation, which is currently under threat due to anthropogenic activities, such as mining and deforestation.Item First record of albinism in a mustached bat (Chiroptera, Mormoopidae) from South America(2021-01-22) S. B. Leal, Edson; F. Ramalho, DanielChromatic alterations, including albinism, are rare in wild animals. In bats, at least 160 cases of albinism have been recorded in individuals from ten families. For Mormoopidae, a single case of albinism and two cases of piebaldism are known in the world. This paper documents the first case of albinism in Mormoopidae in South America, which represents the first record of pigmentation alteration in Wagner’s mustached bat, Pteronotus personatus (Wagner, 1843) throughout its range. We provide a discussion on the impacts of interaction in roosts on fitness and survival of albino individuals.- First record of albinism in a mustached bat (Chiroptera, Mormoopidae) from South America(2021-05) Silva Barbosa Leal, Edson; de Figueiredo Ramalho, DanielChromatic alterations, including albinism, are rare in wild animals. In bats, at least 160 cases of albinism have been recorded in individuals from ten families. For Mormoopidae, a single case of albinism and two cases of piebaldism are known in the world. This paper documents the rst case of albinism in Mormoopidae in South America, which represents the rst record of pigmentation alteration in Wagner’s mustached bat, Pteronotus personatus (Wagner, 1843) throughout its range. We provide a discussion on the impacts of interaction in roosts on tness and survival of albino individuals.
Item Free-living birds from Caatinga and Atlantic Forest of northeast Brazil as hosts of Enterobacterales, Mycoplasma spp., and Chlamydia psittaci(Ornithology Research, 2021) Lugarini, Camile; Silva, Luana T. R.; Amorim, Marcus M. R. de; Lima, Débora C. V. de; Santos, Sandra B.; Saidenberg, André B.Apparently healthy birds in protected areas in northeastern Brazil were investigated, whether shedding bacterial pathogens to the environment. We determined whether pathogens varied according to the level of the shared habitat human of each protected area, the type of vegetation, hosts’ group and different history traits as migration and foraging behavior, body mass, and sensitivity to human impacts. In addition, we also investigated whether the protected areas were preserving the wildlife from antibiotic-resistant bacteria. For that, oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected from 507 individuals of 91 species. In the culture-dependent method, most of the bacterial isolates belonged to Enterobacterales, with the highest frequency of Klebsiella aerogenes (20.5%) and Escherichia coli (19.3%). There was no relationship between Enterobacterales occurrence according to the type of vegetation, hosts’ group and history traits as foraging behavior (foraging stratum and main trophic category), and body mass, and there was a low association between the protected area and Enterobacterales (φ = 0.17). For Mycoplasma, 10.8% of PCR-tested individuals were positive, with high variation among sampled families, but none of them was positive for M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae. The protected area closer to human settlements presented more resistant isolates to broad-spectrum antibiotics gentamicin (φ = 0.45) and tetracycline (φ = 0.37) and also presented the two positive samples to primary pathogenic Chlamydia psittaci. The birds in the sampled protected areas may host and spread potentially pathogenic microorganisms as C. psittaci and Citrobacter freundii in low frequency in balanced co-existence of host/parasite. However, antibiotic-resistant Enterobacterales in protected areas might represent an impact on its bird populations and on the conservation of the environment.Item New records, potential distribution, andconservation of the Near Threatened cave batNatalusmacrourusin Brazil(2017-02-16) DELGADO-JARAMILLO, MARIANA; BARBIER, EDER; BERNARD, ENRICOSpecies with specific roosting, foraging or breeding requirements are particularly vulnerable to habitat loss and degradation. For bats, the availability and environmental condition of caves can be a limiting factor. The cave specialist Natalus macrourus (formerly Natalus espiritosantensis) is categorized as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List but as Vulnerable in Brazil, based on a projected population reduction and a decline in its area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitat. There is a lack of knowledge about the species’ distribution, natural history and ecology, information that is required for conservation. Using new occurrence data and potential distribution modelling we evaluated the distribution of N. macrourus in Brazil, analysed pressures on and threats to the species, and assessed the species’ conservation needs. Natalus macrourus is positively associated with areas with higher probability of cave occurrence and negatively associated with areas of high variation in mean daily temperature and mean annual rainfall. Areas with high environmental suitability for N. macrourus correspond to only 3% of the potential distribution modelled. We estimate that the species has already lost 54% of its natural habitat and that there is < 35% of habitat remaining in areas with high environmental suitability. We calculated that approximately half of the caves in areas with high environmental suitability are < 5 km from mining operations and only 4% of the species’ potential distribution lies within protected areas. Given the strong association of N. macrourus with caves, it is important to protect these habitats, and we recommend that caves where the species is present should receive immediate protection.Item A new species and first record of Gabunillo Schmalfuss & Ferrara, 1983 (Isopoda, Oniscidea, Armadillidae) from the Neotropics(Zootaxa, 2010) Souza, Leila A.; Senna, André R.; Kury, Adriano B.Item A nidificação da avoante Zenaida auriculata no Nordeste do Brasil, relacionada com o substrato fornecido pela vegetação(Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 1987) Antas, Paulo de Tarso ZuquimItem Nidificação no chão da rolinha-roxa mirim, Columbina minuta, em Pedro Avelino, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil(Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 1987) Antas, Paulo de Tarso ZuquimItem On the future of the could protected areas in Brazil’s Semi-Arid conserve endangered birds facing climatic and land cover changes?(Biodiversidade Brasileira, 2020) Silva, Tiago Castro; Côrtes, Lara Gomes; Siqueira, Marinez Ferreira deProtected areas act as pillars on which conservation strategies are built. Besides human activities, global climate changes are an additional concern to species’ conservation. In northeastern Brazil, climate change should lead to a replacement of the current native vegetation by semi-desert vegetation. This study evaluates whether the protected areas of the Caatinga can contribute to the maintenance of suitable climatic conditions for endangered birds over time in the face of global climate changes and land cover change. We used ecological niche models as input layers in a spatial prioritization program, in which stability indices were used to weight the targets. Results predicted that most taxa (18) will have their suitability lowered in the future, and all taxa (23) will have their ecological niche geographically displaced. However, our results showed that the Caatinga’s protected areas system integrated with a set of priority areas can maintain suitable climatic conditions for endangered birds in the face of climate change and land cover change. On average, Caatinga’s protected areas system could protect climatic stability areas at least 1.7 times greater than the scenarios without it. This reinforces the importance of protected areas as a biodiversity conservation strategy.Item Playback point counts and N‐mixture models suggest higher than expected abundance of the critically endangered blond titi monkey in northeastern Brazil(American Journal of Primatology, 2020-03-30) Coelho, Igor P. et al.Effective management of threatened species requires accurate population size estimation and monitoring. However, reliable population size estimates are lacking for many endangered species. The critically endangered blond titi monkey (Callicebus barbarabrownae) is an endemic primate of the Caatinga biome in Northeastern Brazil. A previous assessment based on presence‐only data estimated a minimum population size of 260 mature individuals in 2,636 km2 , and studies based on visual records suggested very low local relative abundance. However, this cryptic species is known to be difficult to visually detect. We played back recordings of C. barbarabrownae loud calls to count the number of responding groups in 34 sampling sites during 9 consecutive days in a 221‐km2 study area. Repeated group counts at sites were used in N‐mixture models, which account for imperfect detection, to estimate the number of groups in relation to dry forest area and distance to villages. We estimated a total of 91 groups in the study area. Considering the mean number of adults per group as three, we estimated a population of 273 adult individuals, resulting in a density of 2.3 individuals/km2 in the dry forest habitat. Detection probability was four times higher for surveys conducted between sunrise to midmorning than between midmorning to sunset. We also found that C. barbarabrownae abundance increases with increasing dry forest area and increasing distance to the nearest village, indicating the need to promote dry forest restoration in the Caatinga. As our results suggest a larger population of C. barbarabrownae than had been previously estimated for its entire distribution, our results suggest a need for similar assessments in other areas to reliably estimate the total population size. This study demonstrates how playback surveys coupled with N‐mixture models can be used to estimate population sizes of acoustically‐responsive primates, and thus contribute to more effective conservation management.