Navegando por Assunto "Brazil"
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Item Application of flow cytometry and gas chromatography to Study fibropapillomatosis in chelonia mydas (testudines, Cheloniidae) in brazil and their contributions for conservation of this species.(2012) ROSSI, S; SANCHEZ-SARMIENTO, A.M; VALE, L.A.S; GENOY-PUERTO, E. A; PRIOSTE, F.E.S; GATTAMORTA, M.A; KINOSHITA, D; HAZARBASSANOV, N.G.T.Q; BECKER, J.H; LIMA, E.H.S.M; BAPTISTOTTE, C; GOLDBERG, D.W; SANTOS, A.J.B; BORTOLON, L. F; MATUSHIMA, E. RItem Asarcenchelys longimanus (Ophichthidae, Myrophinae), Two Additional Specimens and Range Extension in the South-western Atlantic(2011-04-04) CARVALHO, A. F.; MARCOVALDI, G.; PAIVA, M. I. G.Item Body Condition and Blood Biochemistry of Free-Range Caiman latirostris in Northeast Brazilian Atlantic Forest(Journal of experimental Zoology. A Ecol Integr Physiol., 2025) Gabriela Mota Gama; Luiza Figueiredo Passos; Adriano Pereira Paglia; Marcos Eduardo CoutinhoThe Atlantic Forest broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) inhabits regions within one of the world's most ecologically diverse ecosystems, yet few studies have explored the relationship between body condition, blood biochemistry, and environmental factors in the wild. Our study investigated the effects of sex, ontogeny, habitat, and environmental variables on the body condition and blood biochemistry of free-ranging caimans from the state of Alagoas, Northeast Brazil. From 2020 to 2022, we captured 75 caimans across three sites in different seasons. Results revealed sex-specific responses to seasonal and Interannual weather changes, with females showing higher body condition in the wet season, while males peaked in the dry season. Elevated glucose, total protein, albumin, triglycerides, and fructosamine were linked to higher body condition and larger individuals, while elevated aspartate aminotransferase to low body condition. Seasonal rainfall influenced blood parameters, with the dry season associated with higher creatinine, calcium, and alanine aminotransferase levels, and the wet season with higher total protein, sodium, and potassium. Differences in glucose, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase across sites pointed to physiological effects of human activities. Blood biochemical values varied widely, with some exceeding reported species ranges. These findings highlight the need to interpret physiological data within the context of local habitat and environmental conditions. Conservation strategies should go beyond species presence and habitat preservation, incorporating pollution control. Our study advances understanding of Caiman latirostris ecophysiology, offering valuable insights for the conservation and management of crocodilian populations in both wild and captive environments.Item Captura incidental de tortugas marinas por las flotas de palangre pelágico de Brasil y Uruguay (1998 - 2010)(2014) GIFFONI, B.; LEITE JR, N.; MILLER, P.; PONS, M.; SALES, G.; DOMINGO, A.Sea turtles are highly migratory species and during their long life cycle they are face to different threats. One of the biggest threat is the incidental captures by fisheries, thus longline fishery has been pointed out as great concern due to the high captures rates. This work summarize the incidental capture of sea turtles by Brazilian and Uruguayan longline fleet, taking account different aspects to be considered in sea turtles productivity and susceptibility analyses - PSA. The data analyzed were collected by observers of the Programa Nacional de Observadores a Bordo de la Flota Atunera Uruguaya (PNOFA) from Uruguay, and Programa Nacional de Observadores de Bordo da Frota Pesqueira do Brasil (PROBORDO), Fundação Pró-TAMAR, Instituto ALBATROZ and Núcleo de Educação e Monitoramento Ambiental (NEMA) from Brazil. On total 25.164.089 hooks were sampled by Brazil and Uruguay between 2008 and 2010. On average, the sampled effort represented 1,5% of total effort applied at the same area by ICCAT CPCs. Loggerhead was the specie most captured (n =6.594), followed by Leatherback (n = 1.379) and Olive ridley (n = 600). All specie nest in Brazil. Regarding to productivity aspects, the Brazilian population of loggerhead, leatherback and olive ridley are increasing. For the Susceptibility analyses and considering availability, 7 different RMUs are being impacted by longline. Related to encounterability, the 3 turtle species spent the most time at the same depth range as Brazilian and Uruguayan longline toward to catch swordfish. For selectivity, juveniles of the loggerhead turtle are the most captured, while for olive ridley and leatherback, sub-adult and adult have been most captured by longline fleet of both countries.Item Characterization of Fibropapilloma Associated Turtle Herpesvirus in Green Turtle From Brazil.(2010) RODENBUSCH, C. R; BAPTISTOTTE, C.; MELO, M. T. D; PIRES, T. T; WERNECK, M. R; TOREZANI, E; CANAL, C. W- A cladistic analysis of the Brazilian troglobitic harvestmen genus Iandumoema Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997 (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae) with the description of three new species(2019-07-03) de Ázara, Ludson; Hara, Marcos; Ferreira, Rodrigo; Gonzalo GiribetIandumoema was the third troglobitic (i.e., ecological-evolutionary concept denoting 16that the organism is restricted to the subterranean environment) genus of Brazilian harvestmen to be described. It is also the only troglobitic genus in Brazil with more than one species, comprising three described species, all from caves in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Traditionally, testing monophyly of troglobitic groups is difficult because many features shared by them might be result of convergence/parallelism due to the pressure of the cave environment. This issue, as well as comparative studies, is hindered because Iandumoema is also currently placed in the species rich and polyphyletic subfamily Pachylinae. In this work, we test the monophyly of this troglobitic genus and propose the first phylogenetic hypothesis for Iandumoema based on cladistic analysis using morphological data. The analysis included all described species of Iandumoema plus three new troglobitic species: I. cuca, sp. nov.(Itacarambi: Gruta da Água do João Ferreira), I. gollum, sp. nov. (Presidente Juscelino: Lapa D'Água) and I. stygia, sp. nov. (Montes Claros: Gruta do Cedro). The character matrix comprises 79 characters for 28 terminal taxa: six species of Iandumoema, 14 species of Pachylinae, six species from other Gonyleptidae subfamilies, one species of Cosmetidae and one species of Metasarcidae. The cladistic analysis using heuristic search retrieved one most parsimonious tree (339 steps, consistency index = 0.35, retention index = 0.56). Iandumoema is a monophyletic and well-supported genus, nested among Brazilian “Pachylinae”. The present work also provides an identification key and ecological 35remarks for all the six species of the genus Iandumoema.
- Conservation of Sea Turtles in Brazil: Encouraging Results Obtained on Nesting Beaches(2008) MARCOVALDI, M.A; THOMÉ, J.L; LOPEZ, G.L; SANTOS, A. S; SOARES, L.S; SILVA, A.C.C.D; BARATA, P.C.R
Item Controversies and hidden risks in biodiversity offsets in critically threatened Canga (ironstone) ecosystems in Brazil(2022-11-09) CARMO, FLAVIO FONSECA; KAMINO, LUCIANA HIROMI YOSHINOCanga, or ironstone, ecosystems are hotspots of old-growth plant diversity and highly specialized cave inver tebrates. These ancient metalliferous habitats are amongst the most threatened ecosystems because of the destruction caused by large-scale iron ore mining. International debate on biodiversity offsets is increasing because these mechan isms are seen as tools for potentially balancing economic de velopment with conservation biodiversity. Leading mining companies worldwide, including some of the largest iron ore producers in Brazil, are signatories to offset principles and best practices that aim to achieve no net loss of habi tats, species or ecosystem functions. We aimed to analyse whether Brazilian legal requirements for biodiversity offsets result in the achievement of conservation outcomes or in elevated threat of extinction in canga ecosystems. We eval uated technical reports that support decision-making re lated to environmental licensing for iron ore mining and specific offset proposals linked to the Atlantic Forest Act. We found a relevant net loss in canga ecosystems and ob served shortcomings related to the equivalency and trans parency of offset principles. These deficiencies are mainly related to lax norms and regulations and the absence of an integrated database for accessing information on environ mental licensing processes. We argue that both policy flaws and low engagement by the Brazilian mining industry in implementing offset principles have increased the threat of extinction in canga ecosystems.Item Country report: BRAZIL(1986) Antas, Paulo de Tarso Zuquim; Silva, Flávio; Alves, Maria Alice dos Santos; Lara-Resende, Susana de Moura- Cylindroniscus platoi (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Styloniscidae), a new cave-dwelling species from Lagoa Santa Karst, Southeastern Brazil(2018) FERNANDES, CAMILE SORBO; CAMPOS-FILHO, IVANKLIN SOARES; BICHUETTE, MARIA ELINAThe new species Cylindroniscus platoi n.sp. is herein described. As far as known, the species occurs only in three caves developed in a continuous limestone outcrop at Pedro Leopoldo municipality, Minas Gerais State. Cylindroniscus platoin. sp. is regarded as an endemic troglobite based on its limited distribution and on non-obvious troglomorphisms found on its body surface.
Item Demographic and growth analysis of broad snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) in a disturbed environment in southeastern Brazil.(Herpetological Journal, 2014-10) Passos, Luiza Figueiredo; Coutinho, Marcos Eduardo; Young, Robert JohnCrocodilian life history traits exhibit strong size and age dependence, which is determined, ultimately, by how fast individuals grow. Crocodilian population dynamics are dependent on environmental conditions such as local temperatures and hydrology. From February 2010 to October 2011 we conducted monthly spotlight surveys to study a broad-snouted caiman population at the Três Marias Hydro-electric Reservoir, southeast Brazil. A total of 12 spotlight surveys were conducted (17.3 to 48.0 km in length), and animals were captured, measured and marked whenever possible. Data were obtained on population size, sex structure, survival, distribution and growth. The number of caimans counted, including hatchlings, varied from 6 to 78 per survey. Marked individuals showed a growth rate that varied between 0.0 and 0.3 cm*day-1 SVL, and between -6.0 and 8.0 g*day-1 body mass. Polyphasic growth was associated with rainfall and water level, which in turn were associated with changes in temperature and diet. The species seems to be resistant to the ecological impacts of damming, an important conservation conclusion considering the large number of hydroelectric dams within the species’ range in Brazil.- Detection and characterization of fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus in marine turtles for Brazil.(2009-11) RODENBUSCH, C.R; ALMEIDA, L.L; MARKS, F.S; BAPTISTOTTE, C; PIRES, T.T; WERNECK, M.R; DAMASCENO, T; ALIEVI, M.M; CANAL, C.N
Item Don’t put all your eggs in one basket(Biological Conservation, 2019-10) Eisemberg, Carla Camilo; Vogt, Richard Carl; Balestra, Rafael Antônio M.; Reynolds, Stephen J.; Christian, Keith A. A.The Brazilian Government established the Amazon Turtle Project (Projeto Quelônios da Amazônia – PQA) in 1975 to monitor and protect the main nesting sites of Amazon River turtles. The PQA has become the largest-scale and longest-term wildlife conservation initiative in the Brazilian Amazon. We evaluated the outcomes of the PQA across 11 protected localities over 30 years (1977–2008). Inside the protected localities, one population of Podocnemis expansa has declined and four have seen an increase in numbers. The PQA conservation efforts for P. unifilis were not as successful as those of Podocnemis expansa, but were sufficient to stabilize or increase populations. These results suggest that there is a minimum effort necessary for positive conservation outcomes, which was not achieved for Podocnemis sextuberculata. Given the lack of correlation between initial nesting numbers and positive population trends, the current level of success in a given locality cannot be used as a tool to prioritize future protection efforts. We recommend that the PQA should maintain or increase its coverage due to the high levels of local unpredictability. If current harvest trends are maintained, it is likely the only surviving populations of P. expansa will be within protected areas. Considering the scope of the PQA and the period that it has been operational, it is surprising how little recognition it has received; the lack of national and international awareness of its achievements may be one of the main reasons behind the lack of support from the Brazilian Government. © 2019 Elsevier LtdItem ECOLOGIA DE PEIXES DE RIACHOS DE CAVERNAS E OUTROS HABITAT SUBTERRÂNEOS(2021) Bichuette, Maria ElinaBrasil desponta como um país rico em cavidades naturais subterrâneas, com mais de 20.000 cavernas cadastradas oficialmente. Além das cavernas, as quais se desenvolvem em diferentes tipos de rocha, há outros habitat subterrâneos (hipógeos) com corpos d’água na forma de drenagens (riachos de nível de base), de afloramentos do freático (zona saturada) em cavernas inundadas ou na forma de poças e lagos dentro de cavidades, além de bolsões de aquíferos superiores formados por água de infiltração na rocha. Em alguns casos, as águas subterrâneas não afloram em cavidades, e sim em aluviões próximos a rios, representando uma zona hiporreica. A ictiofauna subterrânea brasileira é composta por peixes restritos às cavernas e outros habitat subterrâneos (geralmente categorizados como troglóbios/estigóbios) ou por espécies que possuem populações bem estabelecidas nestes habitat, mas que também ocorrem em riachos e corpos d’água da superfície (categorizados como troglófilos). Atualmente há mais de 80 espécies de peixes com populações troglóbias e troglófilas no Brasil. Alguns estudos populacionais para peixes troglóbios/freatóbios apresentam estimativas de tamanhos e densidades populacionais variáveis, geralmente caracterizadas por populações pequenas; uma tendência ao sedentarismo; baixos valores de fator de condição e estratégias de ciclos de vida tendendo ao K dentro do continuum r-K. Estas características são relacionadas às condições abióticas únicas destes habitat, tais como aporte de nutrientes baixo, infrequente e muitas vezes imprevisível, o que pode representar um filtro acentuado. Em relação à conservação, os peixes de riachos de cavernas e de outros habitat subterrâneos encontram-se ameaçados e a maioria das espécies descritas formalmente está inserida em listas de fauna ameaçada no Brasil, apenas quatro espécies foram incluídas e avaliadas globalmente (a piaba Stygichthys typhlops e os bagres Pimelodella kronei, Phreatobius cisternarum e Phreatobius sanguijuela).- Educational campaign to reduce the impact of artificial light on sea turtle nesting beaches in Brazil.(2000) MARCOVALDI, M. Â; BELLINI, C; CASTILHOS, J. C de; SILVA, A. C. C. D. da; GALLO, B. M. G; BAPTISTOTTE, C.; LIMA, E. H. S. M; LIMA, E. P; SANCHES, T. M; THOMÉ, J; PATIRI, V. J. ASeveral important stages of reproduction by sea turtles normally take place at night, under the cover of darkness on beaches. Artificial lights on or near beaches often reduce the number of female sea turtles that emerge from the ocean to nest (Witherington, 1992; Ehrhart et al. 1996). When females do lay their eggs on beaches that are subject to artificial lighting, seafinding of the resultant hatchling turtles is often disrupted and they often go away from the sea (e.g. Philibosian, 1976; Peters and Verhoeven, 1994). Misoriented hatchlings face increased mortality from land predators, accidental trampling by people or vehicles, or desiccation following sunrise. Development of coastal areas, in the form of homes, hotels, industrial complexes, and recreational areas, leads to an increase of nighttime lighting. Unchecked lighting on beaches used by sea turtles can have serious impacts on nesting populations, and as such management of lighting on or near beaches is a priority for most sea turtle conservation programs.
Item Evaluation of interaction between sea turtles and pelagic longline fisheries in Brazil(2007-02) MARCOVALDI, M. A; SALES, G; THOME, J. C. A; SILVA, A. C. C. D; GIFFONI, B. BItem Fibropapillomatosis in green turtles Chelonia mydas in Brazil: characteristics of tumors and virus.(Diseases of Aquatic Organisms Series, 2014) RODENBUSCH, C. R; BAPTISTOTTE, C; WERNECK, M. R; PIRES, T. T; MELO, M. T. D; ATAÍDE, M. W; REIS, K. D. H. L; TESTA, P; ALIEVE, M. M; CANAL, C. WFibropapillomatosis (FP) is a benign neoplasia that affects physiological functions of sea turtles and may lead to death. High prevalence of FP in sea turtle populations has prompted several research groups to study the disease and the associated herpesvirus, chelonid herpesvirus 5 (ChHV5). The present study detected and quantified ChHV5 in 153 fibropapilloma samples collected from green turtles Chelonia mydas on the Brazilian coast between 2009 and 2010 to characterize the relationship between viral load and tumor characteristics. Of the tumor samples collected, 73 and 87% were positive for ChHV5 in conventional PCR and real-time PCR, respectively, and viral loads ranged between 1 and 118.62 copies cell−1. Thirty-three percent of turtles were mildly, 28% were moderately and 39% were severely affected with FP. Skin samples were used as negative control. High viral loads correlated positively with increasing FP severity in turtles sampled on the Brazilian coast and with samples from turtles found dead in the states of São Paulo and Bahia. Six viral variants were detected in tumor samples, 4 of which were similar to the Atlantic phylogenetic group. Two variants were similar to the western Atlantic/eastern Caribbean phylogenetic group. Co-infection in turtles with more than one variant was observed in the states of São Paulo and Bahia.Item First record of albinism in a mustached bat (Chiroptera, Mormoopidae) from South America(2021-01-22) S. B. Leal, Edson; F. Ramalho, DanielChromatic alterations, including albinism, are rare in wild animals. In bats, at least 160 cases of albinism have been recorded in individuals from ten families. For Mormoopidae, a single case of albinism and two cases of piebaldism are known in the world. This paper documents the first case of albinism in Mormoopidae in South America, which represents the first record of pigmentation alteration in Wagner’s mustached bat, Pteronotus personatus (Wagner, 1843) throughout its range. We provide a discussion on the impacts of interaction in roosts on fitness and survival of albino individuals.- First record of albinism in a mustached bat (Chiroptera, Mormoopidae) from South America(2021-05) Silva Barbosa Leal, Edson; de Figueiredo Ramalho, DanielChromatic alterations, including albinism, are rare in wild animals. In bats, at least 160 cases of albinism have been recorded in individuals from ten families. For Mormoopidae, a single case of albinism and two cases of piebaldism are known in the world. This paper documents the rst case of albinism in Mormoopidae in South America, which represents the rst record of pigmentation alteration in Wagner’s mustached bat, Pteronotus personatus (Wagner, 1843) throughout its range. We provide a discussion on the impacts of interaction in roosts on tness and survival of albino individuals.
Item First report of Macruronus novaezelandiae (Gadiformes, Merluccidae, Macruroninae) from Atlantic tropical waters(2011-03-14) CARVALHO, A. F.; MARCOVALDI, G.; SAMPAIO, C. L. S.; PAIVA, M. I. G.